World Species : Protected Area : Piçarras

Piçarras

Location:	Portugal
Area:	6,987 acres (2,827 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A						B						C

Share	35 %	25 %	15 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	70 %	20 %	3 %	3 %	3 %	1 %	40 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	8 %	8 %	7 %	7 %
Soil Type	Dystric Regosols	Eutric Regosols	Eutric Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Haplic Luvisols	Haplic Acrisols	Haplic Luvisols	Gleyic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Ferric Luvisols	Vertic Luvisols	Lithic Leptosols	Gleyic Luvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Haplic Luvisols	Vertic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Ferric Luvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Chromic Cambisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Fine
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Poor	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm	150 m	50 m	15 m	15 m	50 m	15 m	150 m	0 mm	15 m	15 m	50 m	150 m	50 m	50 m	150 m	150 m
Phase 1							Lithic	Gravelly	Lithic	Gravelly		Gravelly	Gravelly	Lithic	Lithic		Lithic	Gravelly
Phase 2							Gravelly			Lithic		Stony		Stony
Root Obstacle	40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	60 - 80 cm		40 - 60 cm	20 - 40 cm	20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm		None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer					None to 150 cm	0 - 40 cm	None to 150 cm	0 - 40 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		0 - 40 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property											Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)					Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	19 %	25 %	9 %	21 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	12 %	5 %	5 %	21 %	4 %	10 %	4 %	5 %	12 %	4 %	6 %	2 %
Sand	42 %	47 %	42 %	42 %	41 %	81 %	41 %	80 %	48 %	53 %	42 %	42 %	80 %	77 %	82 %	42 %	48 %	80 %	36 %	21 %
Silt	37 %	34 %	36 %	34 %	37 %	9 %	37 %	11 %	28 %	24 %	31 %	34 %	11 %	14 %	8 %	31 %	28 %	12 %	43 %	29 %
Clay	21 %	19 %	22 %	24 %	22 %	10 %	22 %	9 %	24 %	23 %	27 %	24 %	9 %	9 %	10 %	27 %	24 %	8 %	21 %	50 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Loamy sand	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Clay loam	Loam	Loamy sand	Loam	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.62 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.33 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.39 %	0.98 %	1 %	1.61 %	0.74 %	0.5 %	0.74 %	0.63 %	0.83 %	0.96 %	0.48 %	1.61 %	0.63 %	0.7 %	0.4 %	0.48 %	0.83 %	0.55 %	0.65 %	1.43 %
PH	5.1	6.4	6.6	7.5	6.5	5.5	6.5	6.5	6.3	6.3	7.2	7.5	6.5	6.9	6.5	7.2	6.3	6.4	8	6.8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	23 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	11 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	24 %	78 %	93 %	100 %	91 %	72 %	91 %	83 %	88 %	90 %	99 %	100 %	83 %	91 %	89 %	99 %	88 %	77 %	100 %	94 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	3 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	6.9 cmol kg⁻¹	22.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	6.7 cmol kg⁻¹	5.9 cmol kg⁻¹	22.1 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	3.7 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	22.9 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.3 %	3.9 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.3 %	0 %	0.1 %	7 %	0.2 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	26 %	28 %	12 %		3 %	6 %	3 %	5 %	8 %	7 %	7 %		5 %	20 %	6 %	7 %	8 %	5 %	10 %	4 %
Sand	46 %	51 %	41 %		37 %	67 %	37 %	68 %	41 %	42 %	34 %		68 %	67 %	75 %	34 %	41 %	67 %	34 %	21 %
Silt	34 %	31 %	34 %		34 %	10 %	34 %	10 %	25 %	23 %	28 %		10 %	16 %	8 %	28 %	25 %	11 %	43 %	28 %
Clay	20 %	18 %	25 %		29 %	23 %	29 %	22 %	34 %	35 %	38 %		22 %	17 %	17 %	38 %	34 %	22 %	23 %	51 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam		Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam		Sandy clay loam	Sandy loam	Sandy loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.42 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³		1.35 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³		1.45 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.48 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³		1.55 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.6 %	0.4 %	0.37 %		0.36 %	0.3 %	0.36 %	0.3 %	0.4 %	0.4 %	0.38 %		0.3 %	0.4 %	0.24 %	0.38 %	0.4 %	0.31 %	0.43 %	0.58 %
PH	4.9	6.9	7		6.7	5.2	6.7	6.4	6.4	6.3	7.4		6.4	7.3	6.5	7.4	6.4	6.3	8.1	7.2
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	28 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹		50 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	69 cmol kg⁻¹		43 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	53 cmol kg⁻¹	69 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	6 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹		14 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹		9 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	21 %	89 %	93 %		93 %	42 %	93 %	80 %	90 %	83 %	98 %		80 %	91 %	88 %	98 %	90 %	69 %	100 %	96 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	1.8 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹		13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.4 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	5.9 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	8.8 cmol kg⁻¹	25.8 cmol kg⁻¹		5.9 cmol kg⁻¹	9.3 cmol kg⁻¹	8.1 cmol kg⁻¹	25.8 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	19.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0.1 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	6 %		0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	6 %	0 %	0 %	8.7 %	0.4 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	2 %	2 %		1 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	4 %		1 %	2 %	1 %	4 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263