World Species : Protected Area : Monforte

Monforte

Location:	Portugal
Area:	4,660 acres (1,886 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A						B

Share	70 %	20 %	3 %	3 %	3 %	1 %	40 %	30 %	10 %	10 %	3 %	3 %	3 %	1 %
Soil Type	Haplic Luvisols	Gleyic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Ferric Luvisols	Vertic Luvisols	Lithic Leptosols	Haplic Luvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Vertic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Gleyic Luvisols	Eutric Gleysols	Dystric Cambisols	Calcaric Cambisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Poor	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	15 m	15 m	50 m	15 m	150 m	0 mm	50 m	15 m	150 m	50 m	50 m	150 m	15 m	150 m
Phase 1	Lithic	Gravelly	Lithic	Gravelly		Gravelly	Lithic	Lithic		Lithic			Lithic
Phase 2	Gravelly			Lithic		Stony
Root Obstacle	20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm		60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	0 - 40 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	0 - 40 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property					Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)				Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	4 %	12 %	5 %	5 %	21 %	4 %	10 %	5 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	10 %	6 %
Sand	41 %	80 %	48 %	53 %	42 %	42 %	82 %	77 %	42 %	80 %	80 %	37 %	75 %	36 %
Silt	37 %	11 %	28 %	24 %	31 %	34 %	8 %	14 %	31 %	9 %	11 %	40 %	15 %	43 %
Clay	22 %	9 %	24 %	23 %	27 %	24 %	10 %	9 %	27 %	11 %	9 %	23 %	10 %	21 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loamy sand	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Clay loam	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.43 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.74 %	0.63 %	0.83 %	0.96 %	0.48 %	1.61 %	0.4 %	0.7 %	0.48 %	0.45 %	0.63 %	1.07 %	0.7 %	0.65 %
PH	6.5	6.5	6.3	6.3	7.2	7.5	6.5	6.9	7.2	6.4	6.5	6.2	5.1	8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	47 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	13 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	91 %	83 %	88 %	90 %	99 %	100 %	89 %	91 %	99 %	79 %	83 %	88 %	28 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	11 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	6.9 cmol kg⁻¹	22.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	5.9 cmol kg⁻¹	6.7 cmol kg⁻¹	22.1 cmol kg⁻¹	5.1 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	10.2 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.3 %	3.9 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.3 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	7 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	5 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	3 %	5 %	8 %	7 %	7 %		6 %	20 %	7 %	5 %	5 %	5 %	9 %	10 %
Sand	37 %	68 %	41 %	42 %	34 %		75 %	67 %	34 %	72 %	68 %	36 %	68 %	34 %
Silt	34 %	10 %	25 %	23 %	28 %		8 %	16 %	28 %	9 %	10 %	36 %	17 %	43 %
Clay	29 %	22 %	34 %	35 %	38 %		17 %	17 %	38 %	19 %	22 %	28 %	15 %	23 %
USDA Texture	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam		Sandy loam	Sandy loam	Clay loam	Sandy loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Sandy loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.35 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³		1.5 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.51 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³		1.57 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.36 %	0.3 %	0.4 %	0.4 %	0.38 %		0.24 %	0.4 %	0.38 %	0.26 %	0.3 %	0.37 %	0.27 %	0.43 %
PH	6.7	6.4	6.4	6.3	7.4		6.5	7.3	7.4	6.6	6.4	6.6	5	8.1
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	50 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	69 cmol kg⁻¹		53 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	69 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	14 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹		10 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	93 %	80 %	90 %	83 %	98 %		88 %	91 %	98 %	79 %	80 %	90 %	36 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	5.9 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	8.8 cmol kg⁻¹	25.8 cmol kg⁻¹		8.1 cmol kg⁻¹	9.3 cmol kg⁻¹	25.8 cmol kg⁻¹	6.3 cmol kg⁻¹	5.9 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹	1.4 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	6 %		0 %	0.1 %	6 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	8.7 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	4 %		1 %	2 %	4 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	5 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263