World Species : Protected Area : Sapais de Castro Marim

Sapais de Castro Marim

Location:	Portugal
Area:	5,304 acres (2,147 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A		B						C

Share	90 %	10 %	35 %	20 %	15 %	15 %	5 %	5 %	80 %	20 %
Soil Type	Gleyic Solonchaks	Gypsic Solonchaks	Eutric Regosols	Eutric Cambisols	Dystric Regosols	Lithic Leptosols	Haplic Luvisols	Haplic Acrisols	Gleyic Solonchaks	Thionic Fluvisols
Topsoil Texture	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Fine	Fine
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Very poor
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm	150 m	50 m	150 m	150 m
Phase 1	Saline	Saline							Sodic	Saline
Phase 2										Sodic
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	60 - 80 cm	40 - 60 cm		40 - 60 cm	20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm					None to 150 cm	0 - 40 cm		None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	4 %	25 %	9 %	19 %	21 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	4 %
Sand	22 %	6 %	47 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	41 %	81 %	22 %	8 %
Silt	26 %	40 %	34 %	36 %	37 %	34 %	37 %	9 %	26 %	34 %
Clay	52 %	54 %	19 %	22 %	21 %	24 %	22 %	10 %	52 %	58 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Clay	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.23 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.19 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.23 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.01 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.53 %	0.54 %	0.98 %	1 %	1.39 %	1.61 %	0.74 %	0.5 %	0.53 %	2.27 %
PH	8.8	7.7	6.4	6.6	5.1	7.5	6.5	5.5	8.8	5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	39 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	29 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	78 %	93 %	24 %	100 %	91 %	72 %	100 %	80 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	46.5 cmol kg⁻¹	46.5 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹	46.5 cmol kg⁻¹	12.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	9 %	3 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	9 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.4 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	45 %	43 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	3 %	45 %	17 %
Electrical Conductivity	12.7 dS m-1	5.9 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	12.7 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	6 %	6 %	28 %	12 %	26 %		3 %	6 %	6 %	3 %
Sand	24 %	5 %	51 %	41 %	46 %		37 %	67 %	24 %	11 %
Silt	23 %	46 %	31 %	34 %	34 %		34 %	10 %	23 %	32 %
Clay	53 %	49 %	18 %	25 %	20 %		29 %	23 %	53 %	57 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Silty clay	Loam	Loam	Loam		Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.23 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³		1.35 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.31 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	0.99 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.38 %	0.38 %	0.4 %	0.37 %	0.6 %		0.36 %	0.3 %	0.38 %	2.5 %
PH	8.8	7.6	6.9	7	4.9		6.7	5.2	8.8	4.2
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	48 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	28 cmol kg⁻¹		50 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	29 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹		14 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	89 %	93 %	21 %		93 %	42 %	100 %	78 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	55.3 cmol kg⁻¹	55.3 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	1.8 cmol kg⁻¹		13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.4 cmol kg⁻¹	55.3 cmol kg⁻¹	17.9 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	9 %	3 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	9 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.5 %	0.5 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0.5 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	42 %	42 %	2 %	2 %	1 %		1 %	3 %	42 %	15 %
Electrical Conductivity	21.5 dS m-1	14.8 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	21.5 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263