World Species : Protected Area : Ria Formosa

Ria Formosa

Location:	Portugal
Area:	58,164 acres (23,538 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A					B		C						D						E

Share	60 %	30 %	4 %	3 %	3 %	80 %	20 %	70 %	6 %	6 %	6 %	6 %	6 %	50 %	30 %	5 %	5 %	5 %	5 %	40 %	25 %	20 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	3 %
Soil Type	Eutric Fluvisols	Calcaric Fluvisols	Eutric Gleysols	Dystric Fluvisols	Gleyic Solonchaks	Gleyic Solonchaks	Thionic Fluvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Gleyic Luvisols	Eutric Regosols	Haplic Podzols	Chromic Cambisols	Chromic Luvisols	Chromic Cambisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Chromic Luvisols	Chromic Cambisols	Eutric Vertisols	Eutric Vertisols	Chromic Luvisols	Haplic Luvisols	Dystric Cambisols	Vertic Luvisols	Lithic Leptosols	Calcic Luvisols	Ferric Luvisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Fine	Fine	Fine	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Poor	Very poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Very poor	Well	Poor	Somewhat excessive	Somewhat excessive	Well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	15 m	15 m	100 m	100 m	15 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	125 m	125 m	15 m	15 m	15 m	150 m	0 mm	50 m	15 m
Phase 1					Sodic	Sodic	Saline	Gravelly	Gravelly			Gravelly								Lithic	Lithic	Stony		Gravelly	Lithic	Lithic
Phase 2							Sodic													Stony	Gravelly	Lithic		Stony		Gravelly
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	20 - 40 cm	20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm		40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm			None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	0 - 40 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property																		Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)	Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)				Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	10 %	4 %	15 %	3 %	5 %	12 %	2 %	6 %	12 %	10 %	4 %	4 %	12 %	4 %	10 %	5 %	21 %	5 %	5 %
Sand	39 %	14 %	37 %	47 %	22 %	22 %	8 %	77 %	80 %	83 %	87 %	79 %	48 %	21 %	36 %	48 %	49 %	19 %	19 %	48 %	41 %	75 %	42 %	42 %	53 %	53 %
Silt	40 %	39 %	40 %	33 %	26 %	26 %	34 %	14 %	11 %	11 %	9 %	10 %	28 %	29 %	43 %	28 %	28 %	25 %	25 %	28 %	37 %	15 %	31 %	34 %	24 %	24 %
Clay	21 %	47 %	23 %	20 %	52 %	52 %	58 %	9 %	9 %	6 %	4 %	11 %	24 %	50 %	21 %	24 %	23 %	56 %	56 %	24 %	22 %	10 %	27 %	24 %	23 %	23 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Clay	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Clay loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.19 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.67 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.36 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.01 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.86 %	0.97 %	1.07 %	1.05 %	0.53 %	0.53 %	2.27 %	0.7 %	0.63 %	0.5 %	2.18 %	0.65 %	0.83 %	1.43 %	0.65 %	0.83 %	0.98 %	1.05 %	1.05 %	0.83 %	0.74 %	0.7 %	0.48 %	1.61 %	0.51 %	0.96 %
PH	7.2	8	6.2	4.8	8.8	8.8	5	6.9	6.5	6.6	4.4	7.1	6.3	6.8	8	6.3	6.6	6.9	6.9	6.3	6.5	5.1	7.2	7.5	7.7	6.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	63 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	16 cmol kg⁻¹	28 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	91 %	100 %	88 %	36 %	100 %	100 %	80 %	91 %	83 %	93 %	11 %	89 %	88 %	94 %	100 %	88 %	83 %	100 %	100 %	88 %	91 %	28 %	99 %	100 %	100 %	90 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	16.9 cmol kg⁻¹	22.3 cmol kg⁻¹	10.2 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	46.5 cmol kg⁻¹	46.5 cmol kg⁻¹	12.8 cmol kg⁻¹	6.7 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	4.2 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	22.9 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	22.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	17.1 cmol kg⁻¹	6.9 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.5 %	13.3 %	0 %	0 %	9 %	9 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	5.7 %	0 %	0.2 %	7 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.2 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.3 %	3.9 %	7.4 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	45 %	45 %	17 %	2 %	2 %	3 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	5 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	12.7 dS m-1	12.7 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	7 %	3 %	5 %	8 %	6 %	6 %	3 %	20 %	5 %	22 %	4 %	9 %	8 %	4 %	10 %	8 %	9 %	5 %	5 %	8 %	3 %	9 %	7 %		10 %	7 %
Sand	41 %	15 %	36 %	51 %	24 %	24 %	11 %	67 %	68 %	80 %	88 %	74 %	41 %	21 %	34 %	41 %	47 %	18 %	18 %	41 %	37 %	68 %	34 %		47 %	42 %
Silt	38 %	40 %	36 %	29 %	23 %	23 %	32 %	16 %	10 %	11 %	8 %	11 %	25 %	28 %	43 %	25 %	26 %	24 %	24 %	25 %	34 %	17 %	28 %		23 %	23 %
Clay	21 %	45 %	28 %	20 %	53 %	53 %	57 %	17 %	22 %	9 %	4 %	15 %	34 %	51 %	23 %	34 %	27 %	58 %	58 %	34 %	29 %	15 %	38 %		30 %	35 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Clay	Clay loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Clay	Sandy loam	Sandy clay loam	Loamy sand	Sand	Sandy loam	Clay loam	Clay	Loam	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Clay	Clay loam	Clay loam	Sandy loam	Clay loam		Sandy clay loam	Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³		1.36 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	0.99 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³		1.67 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.38 %	0.45 %	0.37 %	0.41 %	0.38 %	0.38 %	2.5 %	0.4 %	0.3 %	0.3 %	0.39 %	0.2 %	0.4 %	0.58 %	0.43 %	0.4 %	0.47 %	0.59 %	0.59 %	0.4 %	0.36 %	0.27 %	0.38 %		0.3 %	0.4 %
PH	7.5	7.9	6.6	4.9	8.8	8.8	4.2	7.3	6.4	6.7	5	7.4	6.4	7.2	8.1	6.4	6.7	7.5	7.5	6.4	6.7	5	7.4		7.9	6.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	61 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	69 cmol kg⁻¹		50 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	14 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹		17 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	96 %	100 %	90 %	29 %	100 %	100 %	78 %	91 %	80 %	76 %	21 %	91 %	90 %	96 %	100 %	90 %	92 %	100 %	100 %	90 %	93 %	36 %	98 %		100 %	83 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	20.9 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	55.3 cmol kg⁻¹	55.3 cmol kg⁻¹	17.9 cmol kg⁻¹	9.3 cmol kg⁻¹	5.9 cmol kg⁻¹	2.8 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	7.9 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	19.5 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	1.4 cmol kg⁻¹	25.8 cmol kg⁻¹		23.1 cmol kg⁻¹	8.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	2.5 %	19.2 %	0 %	0 %	9 %	9 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0.4 %	8.7 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.8 %	0.8 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	6 %		9.1 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0.5 %	0.5 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	42 %	42 %	15 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	5 %	4 %		2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	1.9 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	21.5 dS m-1	21.5 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263