World Species : Protected Area : Estuário do Sado

Estuário do Sado

Location:	Portugal
Area:	60,868 acres (24,633 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A		B							C

Share	80 %	20 %	70 %	5 %	5 %	5 %	5 %	5 %	5 %	50 %	30 %	3 %	3 %	3 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %
Soil Type	Gleyic Solonchaks	Thionic Fluvisols	Haplic Podzols	Gleyic Luvisols	Eutric Regosols	Eutric Gleysols	Cambic Podzols	Cambic Arenosols	Terric Histosols	Haplic Podzols	Eutric Cambisols	Gleyic Luvisols	Cambic Arenosols	Humic Cambisols	Gleyic Podzols	Eutric Gleysols	Eutric Fluvisols	Terric Histosols	Eutric Regosols
Topsoil Texture	Fine	Fine	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Coarse
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Poor	Very poor	Somewhat excessive	Poor	Somewhat excessive	Poor	Somewhat excessive	Somewhat excessive	Very poor	Somewhat excessive	Well	Poor	Somewhat excessive	Well	Poor	Poor	Poor	Very poor	Somewhat excessive
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	100 m	50 m	100 m	150 m	100 m	100 m	150 m	15 m	15 m	15 m	15 m	15 m	100 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	100 m
Phase 1	Sodic	Saline								Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly
Phase 2		Sodic
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	0 - 40 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	0 - 40 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	4 %	3 %	4 %	15 %	10 %	3 %	2 %	28 %	3 %	10 %	4 %	2 %	5 %	2 %	10 %	18 %	28 %	15 %
Sand	22 %	8 %	87 %	80 %	83 %	78 %	85 %	89 %	35 %	87 %	77 %	80 %	89 %	74 %	86 %	78 %	80 %	35 %	83 %
Silt	26 %	34 %	9 %	11 %	11 %	13 %	10 %	6 %	33 %	9 %	14 %	11 %	6 %	14 %	10 %	13 %	12 %	33 %	11 %
Clay	52 %	58 %	4 %	9 %	6 %	9 %	5 %	5 %	32 %	4 %	9 %	9 %	5 %	12 %	4 %	9 %	8 %	32 %	6 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Clay	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Sand	Clay loam	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Sand	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Clay loam	Loamy sand
Reference Bulk Density	1.23 g/cm³	1.19 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.67 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.62 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.67 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.23 g/cm³	1.01 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.16 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.53 %	2.27 %	2.18 %	0.63 %	0.5 %	0.57 %	2.02 %	0.5 %	39.4 %	2.18 %	0.7 %	0.63 %	0.5 %	1.58 %	1.97 %	0.57 %	0.58 %	39.4 %	0.5 %
PH	8.8	5	4.4	6.5	6.6	6.3	4.3	6	5.6	4.4	6.9	6.5	6	5.3	4.4	6.3	6.8	5.6	6.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	39 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	64 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	29 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	80 %	11 %	83 %	93 %	74 %	17 %	99 %	75 %	11 %	91 %	83 %	99 %	42 %	18 %	74 %	89 %	75 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	46.5 cmol kg⁻¹	12.8 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	4.2 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	6.7 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	7.4 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹	4.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	9 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	45 %	17 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	0 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	1 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	12.7 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	6 %	3 %	4 %	5 %	22 %	20 %	3 %	1 %	5 %	4 %	20 %	5 %	1 %	9 %	3 %	20 %	10 %	5 %	22 %
Sand	24 %	11 %	88 %	68 %	80 %	64 %	86 %	89 %	52 %	88 %	67 %	68 %	89 %	72 %	85 %	64 %	79 %	52 %	80 %
Silt	23 %	32 %	8 %	10 %	11 %	13 %	10 %	6 %	23 %	8 %	16 %	10 %	6 %	12 %	10 %	13 %	11 %	23 %	11 %
Clay	53 %	57 %	4 %	22 %	9 %	23 %	4 %	5 %	25 %	4 %	17 %	22 %	5 %	16 %	5 %	23 %	10 %	25 %	9 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Clay	Sand	Sandy clay loam	Loamy sand	Sandy clay loam	Loamy sand	Sand	Sandy clay loam	Sand	Sandy loam	Sandy clay loam	Sand	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Sandy clay loam	Sandy loam	Sandy clay loam	Loamy sand
Reference Bulk Density	1.23 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.31 g/cm³	0.99 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.38 %	2.5 %	0.39 %	0.3 %	0.3 %	0.3 %	0.51 %	0.3 %	38.46 %	0.39 %	0.4 %	0.3 %	0.3 %	0.76 %	0.91 %	0.3 %	0.24 %	38.46 %	0.3 %
PH	8.8	4.2	5	6.4	6.7	6.4	4.8	5.9	5.8	5	7.3	6.4	5.9	6.2	4.9	6.4	6.9	5.8	6.7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	48 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	79 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	29 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	78 %	21 %	80 %	76 %	81 %	21 %	98 %	96 %	21 %	91 %	80 %	98 %	51 %	21 %	81 %	93 %	96 %	76 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	55.3 cmol kg⁻¹	17.9 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	5.9 cmol kg⁻¹	2.8 cmol kg⁻¹	6.9 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	1.4 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	9.3 cmol kg⁻¹	5.9 cmol kg⁻¹	1.4 cmol kg⁻¹	3.9 cmol kg⁻¹	1.7 cmol kg⁻¹	6.9 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹	2.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	9 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.5 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	42 %	15 %	3 %	1 %	3 %	3 %	0 %	3 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	0 %	3 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	21.5 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263