Caldeirão

Location:Portugal
Area:116,847 acres (47,286 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share35 %20 %15 %15 %5 %5 %
Soil TypeEutric RegosolsEutric CambisolsDystric RegosolsLithic LeptosolsHaplic LuvisolsHaplic Acrisols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumCoarse
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm10 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellImperfectlyModerately wellModerately well
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m150 m15 mm150 m50 m
Root Obstacle40 - 60 cm60 - 80 cm40 - 60 cm 40 - 60 cm20 - 40 cm
Impermeable Layer    None to 150 cm0 - 40 cm
Soil Water RegimeNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel25 %9 %19 %21 %4 %4 %
Sand47 %42 %42 %42 %41 %81 %
Silt34 %36 %37 %34 %37 %9 %
Clay19 %22 %21 %24 %22 %10 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoamLoamLoamSandy loam
Reference Bulk Density1.43 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.59 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.21 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.33 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.44 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.98 %1 %1.39 %1.61 %0.74 %0.5 %
PH6.46.65.17.56.55.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity40 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹23 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹47 cmol kg⁻¹19 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity12 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹3 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation78 %93 %24 %100 %91 %72 %
Total Exchangeable Bases14 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹3 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹3.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0 %3.9 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %2 %1 %3 %1 %3 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel28 %12 %26 % 3 %6 %
Sand51 %41 %46 % 37 %67 %
Silt31 %34 %34 % 34 %10 %
Clay18 %25 %20 % 29 %23 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoam Clay loamSandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density1.44 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³ 1.35 g/cm³1.44 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.45 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.48 g/cm³ 1.51 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.4 %0.37 %0.6 % 0.36 %0.3 %
PH6.974.9 6.75.2
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity56 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹28 cmol kg⁻¹ 50 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity11 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹6 cmol kg⁻¹ 14 cmol kg⁻¹3 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation89 %93 %21 % 93 %42 %
Total Exchangeable Bases10.3 cmol kg⁻¹15.1 cmol kg⁻¹1.8 cmol kg⁻¹ 13.1 cmol kg⁻¹2.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0.1 %0 % 0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 % 0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %2 %1 % 1 %3 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1 0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263