World Species : Protected Area : Lasy Spalskie

Lasy Spalskie

Location:	Poland
Area:	4,983 acres (2,016 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Central European mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A					B				C					D

Share	60 %	20 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	60 %	25 %	10 %	5 %	50 %	20 %	15 %	10 %	5 %	45 %	20 %	20 %	5 %	5 %	5 %
Soil Type	Eutric Fluvisols	Mollie Fluvisols	Terric Histosols	Cambic Podzols	Cambic Arenosols	Haplic Luvisols	Gleyic Luvisols	Mollic Gleysols	Cambic Arenosols	Stagnic Luvisols	Cambic Arenosols	Eutric Gleysols	Umbric Gleysols	Cambic Podzols	Cambic Podzols	Stagnic Luvisols	Cambic Arenosols	Haplic Luvisols	Umbric Gleysols	Terric Histosols
Topsoil Texture	Coarse	Fine	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Fine	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Poor	Very poor	Very poor	Somewhat excessive	Somewhat excessive	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Somewhat excessive	Poor	Somewhat excessive	Poor	Very poor	Somewhat excessive	Somewhat excessive	Poor	Somewhat excessive	Moderately well	Poor	Very poor
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	100 m	100 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	100 m	150 m	100 m	150 m	75 m	100 m	100 m	150 m	100 m	150 m	150 m	150 m
Phase 1	Phreatic	Phreatic	Phreatic								Fragipan	Phreatic	Phreatic						Phreatic	Phreatic
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	80 - 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	80 - 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	80 - 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	80 - 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	0 - 40 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	80 - 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	40 - 80 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	18 %	4 %	28 %	3 %	2 %	4 %	5 %	4 %	2 %	4 %	2 %	4 %	1 %	3 %	3 %	4 %	2 %	4 %	10 %	28 %
Sand	80 %	18 %	35 %	85 %	89 %	41 %	47 %	39 %	89 %	80 %	89 %	37 %	17 %	85 %	85 %	37 %	89 %	82 %	86 %	35 %
Silt	12 %	29 %	33 %	10 %	6 %	37 %	29 %	39 %	6 %	10 %	6 %	40 %	29 %	10 %	10 %	44 %	6 %	8 %	9 %	33 %
Clay	8 %	53 %	32 %	5 %	5 %	22 %	24 %	22 %	5 %	10 %	5 %	23 %	54 %	5 %	5 %	19 %	5 %	10 %	5 %	32 %
USDA Texture	Loamy sand	Clay	Clay loam	Loamy sand	Sand	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sand	Loamy sand	Sand	Loam	Clay	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Loam	Sand	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.62 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.27 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.58 %	3.12 %	39.4 %	2.02 %	0.5 %	0.74 %	0.83 %	1.65 %	0.5 %	0.55 %	0.5 %	1.07 %	4.54 %	2.02 %	2.02 %	0.99 %	0.5 %	0.4 %	0.7 %	39.4 %
PH	6.8	6.3	5.6	4.3	6	6.5	6.3	6.6	6	5.7	6	6.2	5	4.3	4.3	5.8	6	6.5	5.9	5.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	64 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	7 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	89 %	68 %	75 %	17 %	99 %	91 %	93 %	87 %	99 %	75 %	99 %	88 %	22 %	17 %	17 %	62 %	99 %	89 %	74 %	75 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	7.4 cmol kg⁻¹	21.3 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	14.9 cmol kg⁻¹	9.8 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	10.2 cmol kg⁻¹	7.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	8.4 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	5.9 cmol kg⁻¹	4.9 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	4 %	1 %	0 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	0 %	0 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	0 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	10 %	3 %	5 %	3 %	1 %	3 %	6 %	3 %	1 %	5 %	1 %	5 %	1 %	3 %	3 %	4 %	1 %	6 %	8 %	5 %
Sand	79 %	31 %	52 %	86 %	89 %	37 %	39 %	37 %	89 %	65 %	89 %	36 %	22 %	86 %	86 %	31 %	89 %	75 %	82 %	52 %
Silt	11 %	27 %	23 %	10 %	6 %	34 %	27 %	35 %	6 %	13 %	6 %	36 %	25 %	10 %	10 %	38 %	6 %	8 %	11 %	23 %
Clay	10 %	42 %	25 %	4 %	5 %	29 %	34 %	28 %	5 %	22 %	5 %	28 %	53 %	4 %	4 %	31 %	5 %	17 %	7 %	25 %
USDA Texture	Sandy loam	Clay	Sandy clay loam	Loamy sand	Sand	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Sand	Sandy clay loam	Sand	Clay loam	Clay	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Clay loam	Sand	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Sandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.59 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.64 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.44 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.65 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.24 %	1.07 %	38.46 %	0.51 %	0.3 %	0.36 %	0.28 %	0.69 %	0.3 %	0.26 %	0.3 %	0.37 %	1.23 %	0.51 %	0.51 %	0.29 %	0.3 %	0.24 %	0.3 %	38.46 %
PH	6.9	6.5	5.8	4.8	5.9	6.7	7	7.2	5.9	5.9	5.9	6.6	5	4.8	4.8	5.9	5.9	6.5	6.2	5.8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	57 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	53 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	6 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	93 %	78 %	96 %	21 %	98 %	93 %	99 %	88 %	98 %	80 %	98 %	90 %	27 %	21 %	21 %	83 %	98 %	88 %	81 %	96 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	9 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	1.4 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.9 cmol kg⁻¹	10.7 cmol kg⁻¹	1.4 cmol kg⁻¹	8.2 cmol kg⁻¹	1.4 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹	5.7 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	10.2 cmol kg⁻¹	1.4 cmol kg⁻¹	8.1 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %	4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	2 %	1 %	0 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	0 %	0 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	0 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263