Cytadela Grudziadz

Location:Poland
Area:551 acres (223 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Central European mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share75 %15 %10 %
Soil TypeEutric FluvisolsMollic GleysolsTerric Histosols
Topsoil TextureMediumFineMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainagePoorVery poorVery poor
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m150 m
Phase 1PhreaticPhreaticPhreatic
Root ObstacleNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer80 - 150 cm40 - 80 cm40 - 80 cm
Soil Water RegimeWet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 monthWet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 monthWet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel4 %1 %28 %
Sand39 %15 %35 %
Silt40 %29 %33 %
Clay21 %56 %32 %
USDA TextureLoamClayClay loam
Reference Bulk Density1.4 g/cm³1.21 g/cm³1.32 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.36 g/cm³1.22 g/cm³0.28 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.86 %2.27 %39.4 %
PH7.26.15.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity63 cmol kg⁻¹37 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity16 cmol kg⁻¹32 cmol kg⁻¹87 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation91 %83 %75 %
Total Exchangeable Bases16.9 cmol kg⁻¹22.2 cmol kg⁻¹59.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0.5 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %2 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel7 %1 %5 %
Sand41 %24 %52 %
Silt38 %24 %23 %
Clay21 %52 %25 %
USDA TextureLoamClaySandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density1.4 g/cm³1.24 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.39 g/cm³1.2 g/cm³0.18 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.38 %0.81 %38.46 %
PH7.56.45.8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity61 cmol kg⁻¹35 cmol kg⁻¹49 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity14 cmol kg⁻¹25 cmol kg⁻¹88 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation96 %91 %96 %
Total Exchangeable Bases15.2 cmol kg⁻¹18.9 cmol kg⁻¹81.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate2.5 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 %2 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263