World Species : Protected Area : Pieniny

Pieniny

Location:	Poland
Area:	5,773 acres (2,336 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Dfc (Climate: snow; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: cool summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Carpathian montane forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B					C

Share	70 %	20 %	10 %	50 %	30 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	50 %	30 %	10 %	5 %	5 %
Soil Type	Eutric Fluvisols	Eutric Fluvisols	Umbric Gleysols	Umbric Leptosols	Dystric Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Haplic Podzols	Dystric Fluvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Gleysols	Eutric Fluvisols	Rendzic Leptosols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Fine	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Fine	Fine	Medium	Fine
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm
Drainage	Poor	Poor	Very poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Somewhat excessive	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Very poor	Poor	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	75 m	50 m	150 m	15 mm	50 m	15 mm	15 m	75 m	50 m	50 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm
Phase 1	Gravelly	Phreatic	Phreatic	Stony	Stony		Stony	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Phreatic	Phreatic	Gravelly
Phase 2		Gravelly		Erosion	Erosion				Erosion	Erosion
Root Obstacle	60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm		0 - 80 cm		0 - 80 cm	0 - 80 cm	0 - 80 cm	0 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	0 - 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm		40 - 80 cm		40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	80 - 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month		Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	4 %	1 %	10 %	10 %	21 %	3 %	10 %	6 %	10 %	1 %	4 %	20 %
Sand	39 %	39 %	17 %	79 %	42 %	73 %	87 %	79 %	36 %	23 %	17 %	39 %	19 %
Silt	40 %	40 %	29 %	13 %	38 %	18 %	9 %	12 %	43 %	29 %	32 %	40 %	37 %
Clay	21 %	21 %	54 %	8 %	20 %	9 %	4 %	9 %	21 %	48 %	51 %	21 %	44 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loamy sand	Loam	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Loam	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.62 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.36 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.86 %	0.86 %	4.54 %	2.59 %	1.45 %	1.4 %	2.18 %	0.87 %	0.65 %	1.17 %	1.25 %	0.86 %	2.1 %
PH	7.2	7.2	5	4.7	5.1	7.5	4.4	5.3	8	6.7	5.8	7.2	7.7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	63 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	85 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	91 %	91 %	22 %	86 %	38 %	86 %	11 %	55 %	100 %	89 %	78 %	91 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	16.9 cmol kg⁻¹	16.9 cmol kg⁻¹	7.1 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2.1 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	22.1 cmol kg⁻¹	18.9 cmol kg⁻¹	16.9 cmol kg⁻¹	34.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.5 %	0.5 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	7 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.5 %	15 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	2 %	1 %	0 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	7 %	7 %	1 %		19 %		4 %	17 %	10 %	24 %	1 %	7 %
Sand	41 %	41 %	22 %		45 %		88 %	79 %	34 %	26 %	19 %	41 %
Silt	38 %	38 %	25 %		35 %		8 %	11 %	43 %	29 %	29 %	38 %
Clay	21 %	21 %	53 %		20 %		4 %	10 %	23 %	45 %	52 %	21 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Clay		Loam		Sand	Sandy loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³		1.42 g/cm³		1.74 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³		1.36 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.38 %	0.38 %	1.23 %		0.5 %		0.39 %	0.26 %	0.43 %	0.58 %	0.45 %	0.38 %
PH	7.5	7.5	5		5.2		5	5.5	8.1	7	6	7.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	61 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹		35 cmol kg⁻¹		66 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹		9 cmol kg⁻¹		2 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	96 %	96 %	27 %		33 %		21 %	46 %	100 %	97 %	84 %	96 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	5.7 cmol kg⁻¹		2.6 cmol kg⁻¹		1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	25.9 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	2.5 %	2.5 %	0 %		0 %		0 %	0 %	8.7 %	0.3 %	0 %	2.5 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %		0 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	3 %	2 %		2 %		3 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263