World Species : Protected Area : De Wieden

De Wieden

Location:	Netherlands
Area:	23,045 acres (9,326 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Atlantic mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A		B		C						D	E		F

Share	60 %	40 %	75 %	25 %	35 %	30 %	20 %	5 %	5 %	5 %		70 %	30 %	80 %	20 %
Soil Type	Eutric Fluvisols	Eutric Fluvisols	Calcaric Fluvisols	Eutric Fluvisols	Gleyic Podzols	Eutric Gleysols	Cumulic Anthrosols	Haplic Arenosols	Eutric Gleysols	Gleyic Podzols	Terric Histosols	Terric Histosols	Eutric Fluvisols	Fibric Histosols	Fibric Histosols
Topsoil Texture	Fine	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Fine	Fine	Fine
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Very poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Well	Somewhat excessive	Poor	Poor	Very poor	Very poor	Very poor	Very poor	Very poor
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	100 m	150 m	150 m	100 m	150 m	100 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m
Root Obstacle	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	60 - 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	20 - 40 cm	20 - 40 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	4 %	10 %	18 %	2 %	10 %	10 %	4 %	10 %	2 %	28 %	28 %	4 %	1 %	1 %
Sand	19 %	39 %	79 %	80 %	86 %	78 %	90 %	90 %	78 %	86 %	35 %	35 %	19 %	20 %	20 %
Silt	32 %	40 %	15 %	12 %	10 %	13 %	6 %	5 %	13 %	10 %	33 %	33 %	32 %	40 %	40 %
Clay	49 %	21 %	6 %	8 %	4 %	9 %	4 %	5 %	9 %	4 %	32 %	32 %	49 %	40 %	40 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Loam	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Sand	Sand	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay	Clay	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.24 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.66 g/cm³	1.62 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.71 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.27 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.19 %	0.86 %	0.41 %	0.58 %	1.97 %	0.57 %	2.41 %	0.4 %	0.57 %	1.97 %	39.4 %	39.4 %	1.19 %	33.63 %	33.63 %
PH	6.2	7.2	8.3	6.8	4.4	6.3	5.9	6.2	6.3	4.4	5.6	5.6	6.2	4.3	4.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	38 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	109 cmol kg⁻¹	64 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	24 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	1 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	91 %	91 %	100 %	89 %	18 %	74 %	92 %	93 %	74 %	18 %	75 %	75 %	91 %	62 %	62 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	22.7 cmol kg⁻¹	16.9 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	7.4 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	1.6 cmol kg⁻¹	3.3 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹	22.7 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0.5 %	9.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	2 %	4 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	0 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	3 %	7 %	10 %	10 %	3 %	20 %	10 %	4 %	20 %	3 %	5 %	5 %	3 %	2 %	2 %
Sand	21 %	41 %	79 %	79 %	85 %	64 %	89 %	90 %	64 %	85 %	52 %	52 %	21 %	47 %	47 %
Silt	32 %	38 %	15 %	11 %	10 %	13 %	6 %	5 %	13 %	10 %	23 %	23 %	32 %	26 %	26 %
Clay	47 %	21 %	6 %	10 %	5 %	23 %	5 %	5 %	23 %	5 %	25 %	25 %	47 %	27 %	27 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Loam	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Sandy clay loam	Sand	Sand	Sandy clay loam	Loamy sand	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.24 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.66 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.71 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.55 %	0.38 %	0.17 %	0.24 %	0.91 %	0.3 %	0.88 %	0.21 %	0.3 %	0.91 %	38.46 %	38.46 %	0.55 %	32.89 %	32.89 %
PH	6.8	7.5	8.3	6.9	4.9	6.4	5.9	6.1	6.4	4.9	5.8	5.8	6.8	4.6	4.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	41 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹	137 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	20 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	1 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	99 %	96 %	94 %	93 %	21 %	81 %	89 %	100 %	81 %	21 %	96 %	96 %	99 %	40 %	40 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	18.2 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	13.9 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	1.7 cmol kg⁻¹	6.9 cmol kg⁻¹	6.9 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	6.9 cmol kg⁻¹	1.7 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹	18.2 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.2 %	2.5 %	9.9 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	3 %	4 %	2 %	3 %	3 %	0 %	3 %	3 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263