Groote Wielen

Location:Netherlands
Area:1,502 acres (608 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Atlantic mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share60 %40 % 
Soil TypeEutric FluvisolsEutric FluvisolsTerric Histosols
Topsoil TextureFineMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageVery poorPoorVery poor
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m150 m
Root Obstacle60 - 80 cmNone to 80 cm40 - 60 cm
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm
Soil Water RegimeWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel4 %4 %28 %
Sand19 %39 %35 %
Silt32 %40 %33 %
Clay49 %21 %32 %
USDA TextureClayLoamClay loam
Reference Bulk Density1.24 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.32 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.27 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³0.28 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1.19 %0.86 %39.4 %
PH6.27.25.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity38 cmol kg⁻¹63 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity24 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹87 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation91 %91 %75 %
Total Exchangeable Bases22.7 cmol kg⁻¹16.9 cmol kg⁻¹59.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0.5 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %2 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel3 %7 %5 %
Sand21 %41 %52 %
Silt32 %38 %23 %
Clay47 %21 %25 %
USDA TextureClayLoamSandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density1.24 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.39 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³0.18 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.55 %0.38 %38.46 %
PH6.87.55.8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity41 cmol kg⁻¹61 cmol kg⁻¹49 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity20 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹88 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation99 %96 %96 %
Total Exchangeable Bases18.2 cmol kg⁻¹15.2 cmol kg⁻¹81.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0.2 %2.5 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %3 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263