World Species : Protected Area : Monte dei Sette Fratelli

Monte dei Sette Fratelli

Location:	Italy
Area:	99,969 acres (40,456 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A					B				C

Share	30 %	20 %	20 %	5 %	5 %	35 %	25 %	25 %	15 %	50 %	30 %	10 %	10 %
Soil Type	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Umbric Leptosols	Rendzic Leptosols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Haplic Luvisols	Lithic Leptosols	Gleyic Luvisols	Haplic Luvisols	Eutric Fluvisols	Eutric Cambisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	10 cm	10 cm	10 cm	30 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Poor	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	15 mm	15 mm	15 mm	15 mm	15 mm	50 m	50 m	50 m	15 mm	100 m	100 m	125 m	100 m
Phase 1	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Lithic	Lithic	Lithic		Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony
Root Obstacle						None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm		None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer						None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		80 - 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime						Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	21 %	21 %	21 %	6 %	16 %	9 %	9 %	4 %	21 %	5 %	19 %	4 %	9 %
Sand	42 %	42 %	42 %	49 %	37 %	42 %	42 %	41 %	42 %	47 %	31 %	39 %	42 %
Silt	34 %	34 %	34 %	31 %	44 %	36 %	36 %	37 %	34 %	29 %	22 %	40 %	36 %
Clay	24 %	24 %	24 %	20 %	19 %	22 %	22 %	22 %	24 %	24 %	47 %	21 %	22 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.61 %	1.61 %	1.61 %	2.4 %	2.13 %	1 %	1 %	0.74 %	1.61 %	0.83 %	1.2 %	0.86 %	1 %
PH	7.5	7.5	7.5	5.1	7.5	6.6	6.6	6.5	7.5	6.3	6.5	7.2	6.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	42 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	100 %	36 %	100 %	93 %	93 %	91 %	100 %	93 %	83 %	91 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	14.9 cmol kg⁻¹	22.6 cmol kg⁻¹	16.9 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	3.9 %	3.9 %	3.9 %	0 %	6 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.5 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	3 %	3 %	4 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel						12 %	12 %	3 %		6 %	28 %	7 %	12 %
Sand						41 %	41 %	37 %		39 %	27 %	41 %	41 %
Silt						34 %	34 %	34 %		27 %	20 %	38 %	34 %
Clay						25 %	25 %	29 %		34 %	53 %	21 %	25 %
USDA Texture						Loam	Loam	Clay loam		Clay loam	Clay	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density						1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³		1.33 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density						1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³		1.65 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon						0.37 %	0.37 %	0.36 %		0.28 %	0.59 %	0.38 %	0.37 %
PH						7	7	6.7		7	7.4	7.5	7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity						55 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹		44 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity						15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹		16 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation						93 %	93 %	93 %		99 %	84 %	96 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases						15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹		15.9 cmol kg⁻¹	26.2 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate						0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %		0.4 %	4 %	2.5 %	0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate						0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium						2 %	2 %	1 %		2 %	1 %	3 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity						0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263