World Species : Protected Area : Monti Sicani, Rocca Busambra e Bosco della Ficuzza

Monti Sicani, Rocca Busambra e Bosco della Ficuzza

Location:	Italy
Area:	144,567 acres (58,504 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A						B								C				D					E			F

Share	35 %	30 %	15 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	20 %	15 %	13 %	12 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	50 %	30 %	10 %	10 %	30 %	30 %	30 %	5 %	5 %	70 %	20 %	10 %	45 %	40 %	8 %	7 %
Soil Type	Calcaric Regosols	Eutric Regosols	Eutric Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Gleyic Luvisols	Haplic Luvisols	Vertic Cambisols	Eutric Vertisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Regosols	Lithic Leptosols	Calcaric Regosols	Haplic Luvisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Vertisols	Eutric Vertisols	Vertic Cambisols	Chromic Luvisols	Vertic Luvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Chromic Luvisols	Eutric Regosols	Vertic Cambisols	Calcaric Regosols	Eutric Vertisols	Eutric Cambisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	100 m	75 m	100 m	15 mm	100 m	100 m	150 m	125 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm	150 m	150 m	50 mm	15 mm	50 m	50 m	125 m	125 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	50 m	50 m	50 m	100 m	100 m	75 m	150 m
Phase 1	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony											Lithic	Lithic						Lithic	Lithic	Lithic
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm		None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm		None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm			None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	80 - 150 cm	80 - 150 cm	80 - 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm			None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	80 - 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	40 - 80 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month			Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property							Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)	Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)											Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)	Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)	Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)		Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)				Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)		Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	14 %	48 %	9 %	21 %	5 %	4 %	7 %	7 %	6 %	9 %	48 %	21 %	14 %	4 %	16 %	21 %	9 %	9 %	7 %	7 %	7 %	12 %	5 %	6 %	4 %	25 %	7 %	48 %	7 %	9 %
Sand	44 %	26 %	42 %	42 %	47 %	41 %	45 %	44 %	36 %	42 %	26 %	42 %	44 %	41 %	37 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	44 %	44 %	45 %	48 %	42 %	36 %	27 %	47 %	45 %	22 %	44 %	42 %
Silt	35 %	30 %	36 %	34 %	29 %	37 %	29 %	27 %	43 %	36 %	30 %	34 %	35 %	37 %	44 %	34 %	36 %	36 %	27 %	27 %	29 %	28 %	31 %	43 %	27 %	34 %	29 %	36 %	27 %	36 %
Clay	21 %	44 %	22 %	24 %	24 %	22 %	26 %	29 %	21 %	22 %	44 %	24 %	21 %	22 %	19 %	24 %	22 %	22 %	29 %	29 %	26 %	24 %	27 %	21 %	46 %	19 %	26 %	42 %	29 %	22 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loam	Clay loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Clay	Clay loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.37 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.75 %	1.89 %	1 %	1.61 %	0.83 %	0.74 %	0.77 %	1.5 %	0.65 %	1 %	1.89 %	1.61 %	0.75 %	0.74 %	2.13 %	1.61 %	1 %	1 %	1.5 %	1.5 %	0.77 %	0.83 %	0.48 %	0.65 %	1.2 %	0.98 %	0.77 %	1.83 %	1.5 %	1 %
PH	8	6.1	6.6	7.5	6.3	6.5	6.9	6.7	8	6.6	6.1	7.5	8	6.5	7.5	7.5	6.6	6.6	6.7	6.7	6.9	6.3	7.2	8	6.3	6.4	6.9	7.6	6.7	6.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	45 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	53 cmol kg⁻¹	59 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	59 cmol kg⁻¹	59 cmol kg⁻¹	53 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	53 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	59 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	17 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	62 %	93 %	100 %	93 %	91 %	82 %	86 %	100 %	93 %	62 %	100 %	100 %	91 %	100 %	100 %	93 %	93 %	86 %	86 %	82 %	88 %	99 %	100 %	79 %	78 %	82 %	62 %	86 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	12.9 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	14.9 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15.9 cmol kg⁻¹	19.5 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	12.9 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	19.5 cmol kg⁻¹	19.5 cmol kg⁻¹	15.9 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	22.1 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	13.4 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	15.9 cmol kg⁻¹	12.9 cmol kg⁻¹	19.5 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	15 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	7 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	15 %	0 %	6 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.3 %	7 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	3 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	0 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	0 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	18 %	33 %	12 %		6 %	3 %	10 %	3 %	10 %	12 %	33 %		18 %	3 %			12 %	12 %	3 %	3 %	10 %	8 %	7 %	10 %	6 %	28 %	10 %	33 %	3 %	12 %
Sand	40 %	24 %	41 %		39 %	37 %	35 %	40 %	34 %	41 %	24 %		40 %	37 %			41 %	41 %	40 %	40 %	35 %	41 %	34 %	34 %	21 %	51 %	35 %	21 %	40 %	41 %
Silt	35 %	27 %	34 %		27 %	34 %	28 %	23 %	43 %	34 %	27 %		35 %	34 %			34 %	34 %	23 %	23 %	28 %	25 %	28 %	43 %	25 %	31 %	28 %	36 %	23 %	34 %
Clay	25 %	49 %	25 %		34 %	29 %	37 %	37 %	23 %	25 %	49 %		25 %	29 %			25 %	25 %	37 %	37 %	37 %	34 %	38 %	23 %	54 %	18 %	37 %	43 %	37 %	25 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Clay	Loam		Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loam	Clay		Loam	Clay loam			Loam	Loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Clay loam	Clay	Clay loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.37 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³		1.33 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³		1.37 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³			1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.5 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³		1.65 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³		1.5 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³			1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.47 %	0.61 %	0.37 %		0.28 %	0.36 %	0.38 %	0.65 %	0.43 %	0.37 %	0.61 %		0.47 %	0.36 %			0.37 %	0.37 %	0.65 %	0.65 %	0.38 %	0.4 %	0.38 %	0.43 %	0.58 %	0.4 %	0.38 %	0.5 %	0.65 %	0.37 %
PH	8.1	6.4	7		7	6.7	7.3	7.2	8.1	7	6.4		8.1	6.7			7	7	7.2	7.2	7.3	6.4	7.4	8.1	6.4	6.9	7.3	7.8	7.2	7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	52 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹		44 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	62 cmol kg⁻¹	67 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹		52 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹			55 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	67 cmol kg⁻¹	67 cmol kg⁻¹	62 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	69 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	62 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	67 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	15 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹		16 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹		15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹			15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	55 %	93 %		99 %	93 %	90 %	90 %	100 %	93 %	55 %		100 %	93 %			93 %	93 %	90 %	90 %	90 %	90 %	98 %	100 %	83 %	89 %	90 %	55 %	90 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹		15.9 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	23.9 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹		36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹			15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	23.9 cmol kg⁻¹	23.9 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	25.8 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	23.9 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	15 %	0 %	0.1 %		0.4 %	0 %	0.8 %	0.1 %	8.7 %	0.1 %	0 %		15 %	0 %			0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.8 %	0 %	6 %	8.7 %	0 %	0 %	0.8 %	3 %	0.1 %	0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %			0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	0 %	2 %		2 %	1 %	0 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	0 %		2 %	1 %			2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	0 %	1 %	4 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	0 %	3 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1			0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263