Monte Matassaro, Monte Gradara e Monte Signora

Location:Italy
Area:9,331 acres (3,776 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Köppen climate classification:Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 ABC
    
Share50 %30 %10 %10 %45 %40 %8 %7 %65 %30 %
Soil TypeRendzic LeptosolsLithic LeptosolsEutric CambisolsEutric CambisolsVertic CambisolsCalcaric RegosolsEutric VertisolsEutric CambisolsChromic LuvisolsLithic Leptosols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumFineMediumMediumFineMedium
Reference Depth30 cm10 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm10 cm
DrainageImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyModerately wellModerately wellPoorModerately wellImperfectlyImperfectly
Available Water Capacity50 mm15 mm50 m50 m100 m100 m75 m150 m50 m15 mm
Phase 1  LithicLithic    Lithic 
Root Obstacle  None to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm60 - 80 cm 
Impermeable Layer  None to 150 cmNone to 150 cm40 - 80 cm40 - 80 cm40 - 80 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm 
Soil Water Regime  Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month 
Misc. Property    Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide) Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)   
Topsoil Properties
Gravel16 %21 %9 %9 %7 %48 %7 %9 %4 %21 %
Sand37 %42 %42 %42 %45 %22 %44 %42 %27 %42 %
Silt44 %34 %36 %36 %29 %36 %27 %36 %27 %34 %
Clay19 %24 %22 %22 %26 %42 %29 %22 %46 %24 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoamLoamLoamClayClay loamLoamClayLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.41 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.27 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.26 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.24 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.28 g/cm³1.29 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon2.13 %1.61 %1 %1 %0.77 %1.83 %1.5 %1 %1.2 %1.61 %
PH7.57.56.66.66.97.66.76.66.37.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity80 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹53 cmol kg⁻¹32 cmol kg⁻¹59 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹31 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity27 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹19 cmol kg⁻¹23 cmol kg⁻¹24 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹19 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %100 %93 %93 %82 %62 %86 %93 %79 %100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases28.8 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹15.9 cmol kg⁻¹12.9 cmol kg⁻¹19.5 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹13.4 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate6 %3.9 %0 %0 %0.1 %3 %0 %0 %0 %3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %3 %2 %2 %1 %1 %2 %2 %1 %3 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel  12 %12 %10 %33 %3 %12 %6 % 
Sand  41 %41 %35 %21 %40 %41 %21 % 
Silt  34 %34 %28 %36 %23 %34 %25 % 
Clay  25 %25 %37 %43 %37 %25 %54 % 
USDA Texture  LoamLoamClay loamClayClay loamLoamClay 
Reference Bulk Density  1.38 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.25 g/cm³1.32 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.22 g/cm³ 
Bulk Density  1.39 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³ 
Organic Carbon  0.37 %0.37 %0.38 %0.5 %0.65 %0.37 %0.58 % 
PH  777.37.87.276.4 
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity  55 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹62 cmol kg⁻¹39 cmol kg⁻¹67 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹33 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity  15 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹25 cmol kg⁻¹20 cmol kg⁻¹27 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹20 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Base Saturation  93 %93 %90 %55 %90 %93 %83 % 
Total Exchangeable Bases  15.1 cmol kg⁻¹15.1 cmol kg⁻¹25 cmol kg⁻¹11.6 cmol kg⁻¹23.9 cmol kg⁻¹15.1 cmol kg⁻¹13.1 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Calcium Carbonate  0.1 %0.1 %0.8 %3 %0.1 %0.1 %0 % 
Calcium Sulphate  0 %0 %0 %0 %0.1 %0 %0 % 
Exchangeable Sodium  2 %2 %0 %3 %2 %2 %1 % 
Electrical Conductivity  0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1 
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263