Lago d'Averno

Location:Italy
Area:309 acres (125 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share40 %30 %30 %
Soil TypeEutric RegosolsLithic LeptosolsEutric Cambisols
Topsoil TextureCoarseFineCoarse
Reference Depth100 cm10 cm100 cm
DrainageSomewhat excessiveImperfectlyWell
Available Water Capacity50 m15 mm50 m
Phase 1StonyStonyStony
Root ObstacleNone to 80 cm None to 80 cm
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cm None to 150 cm
Soil Water RegimeNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel15 %17 %10 %
Sand83 %28 %77 %
Silt11 %25 %14 %
Clay6 %47 %9 %
USDA TextureLoamy sandClaySandy loam
Reference Bulk Density1.67 g/cm³1.26 g/cm³1.6 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.3 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.5 %2.3 %0.7 %
PH6.67.56.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity50 cmol kg⁻¹33 cmol kg⁻¹49 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity5 cmol kg⁻¹35 cmol kg⁻¹7 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation93 %100 %91 %
Total Exchangeable Bases4.2 cmol kg⁻¹37.6 cmol kg⁻¹6.7 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %1.4 %0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 %1 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.4 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel22 % 20 %
Sand80 % 67 %
Silt11 % 16 %
Clay9 % 17 %
USDA TextureLoamy sand Sandy loam
Reference Bulk Density1.6 g/cm³ 1.48 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.22 g/cm³ 1.5 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.3 % 0.4 %
PH6.7 7.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity44 cmol kg⁻¹ 48 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity4 cmol kg⁻¹ 8 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation76 % 91 %
Total Exchangeable Bases2.8 cmol kg⁻¹ 9.3 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 % 0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate0 % 0 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 % 2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-1 0.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263