World Species : Protected Area : Monti Simbruini

Monti Simbruini

Location:	Italy
Area:	49,139 acres (19,886 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Appenine deciduous montane forests
Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A				B			C

Share	50 %	30 %	10 %	10 %	45 %	30 %	25 %	50 %	30 %	10 %	5 %	5 %
Soil Type	Rendzic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Haplic Luvisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Dystric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Haplic Luvisols	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	30 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	10 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	50 mm	15 mm	50 m	50 m	50 m	50 m	50 mm	50 m	50 m	50 m	15 mm	15 mm
Phase 1			Lithic	Lithic	Lithic	Lithic		Lithic	Lithic	Lithic
Root Obstacle			None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm		None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer			None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime			Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	16 %	21 %	9 %	9 %	9 %	4 %	16 %	10 %	9 %	4 %	21 %	21 %
Sand	37 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	41 %	37 %	42 %	42 %	41 %	42 %	42 %
Silt	44 %	34 %	36 %	36 %	36 %	37 %	44 %	38 %	36 %	37 %	34 %	34 %
Clay	19 %	24 %	22 %	22 %	22 %	22 %	19 %	20 %	22 %	22 %	24 %	24 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.24 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	2.13 %	1.61 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	0.74 %	2.13 %	1.45 %	1 %	0.74 %	1.61 %	1.61 %
PH	7.5	7.5	6.6	6.6	6.6	6.5	7.5	5.1	6.6	6.5	7.5	7.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	80 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	27 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	93 %	93 %	93 %	91 %	100 %	38 %	93 %	91 %	100 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	6 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	6 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel			12 %	12 %	12 %	3 %		19 %	12 %	3 %
Sand			41 %	41 %	41 %	37 %		45 %	41 %	37 %
Silt			34 %	34 %	34 %	34 %		35 %	34 %	34 %
Clay			25 %	25 %	25 %	29 %		20 %	25 %	29 %
USDA Texture			Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay loam		Loam	Loam	Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density			1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³		1.42 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³
Bulk Density			1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³		1.36 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³
Organic Carbon			0.37 %	0.37 %	0.37 %	0.36 %		0.5 %	0.37 %	0.36 %
PH			7	7	7	6.7		5.2	7	6.7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity			55 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹		35 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity			15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹		9 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation			93 %	93 %	93 %	93 %		33 %	93 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases			15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹		2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate			0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %		0 %	0.1 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate			0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium			2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %		2 %	2 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity			0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263