Riserva naturale Montagne della Duchessa

Location:Italy
Area:8,617 acres (3,487 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Appenine deciduous montane forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share50 %30 %10 %10 %45 %30 %25 %
Soil TypeRendzic LeptosolsLithic LeptosolsEutric CambisolsEutric CambisolsEutric CambisolsHaplic LuvisolsRendzic Leptosols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth30 cm10 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm30 cm
DrainageImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectly
Available Water Capacity50 mm15 mm50 m50 m50 m50 m50 mm
Phase 1  LithicLithicLithicLithic 
Root Obstacle  None to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm 
Impermeable Layer  None to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm 
Soil Water Regime  Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month 
Topsoil Properties
Gravel16 %21 %9 %9 %9 %4 %16 %
Sand37 %42 %42 %42 %42 %41 %37 %
Silt44 %34 %36 %36 %36 %37 %44 %
Clay19 %24 %22 %22 %22 %22 %19 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoamLoamLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.41 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.24 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.24 g/cm³
Organic Carbon2.13 %1.61 %1 %1 %1 %0.74 %2.13 %
PH7.57.56.66.66.66.57.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity80 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹47 cmol kg⁻¹80 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity27 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹27 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %100 %93 %93 %93 %91 %100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases28.8 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹28.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate6 %3.9 %0 %0 %0 %0 %6 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %3 %2 %2 %2 %1 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel  12 %12 %12 %3 % 
Sand  41 %41 %41 %37 % 
Silt  34 %34 %34 %34 % 
Clay  25 %25 %25 %29 % 
USDA Texture  LoamLoamLoamClay loam 
Reference Bulk Density  1.38 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³ 
Bulk Density  1.39 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³ 
Organic Carbon  0.37 %0.37 %0.37 %0.36 % 
PH  7776.7 
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity  55 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity  15 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Base Saturation  93 %93 %93 %93 % 
Total Exchangeable Bases  15.1 cmol kg⁻¹15.1 cmol kg⁻¹15.1 cmol kg⁻¹13.1 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Calcium Carbonate  0.1 %0.1 %0.1 %0 % 
Calcium Sulphate  0 %0 %0 %0 % 
Exchangeable Sodium  2 %2 %2 %1 % 
Electrical Conductivity  0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1 
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263