World Species : Protected Area : Monte Romano

Monte Romano

Location:	Italy
Area:	9,494 acres (3,842 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A								B			C

Share	20 %	15 %	13 %	12 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	45 %	30 %	25 %	40 %	25 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	3 %
Soil Type	Vertic Cambisols	Eutric Vertisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Regosols	Lithic Leptosols	Calcaric Regosols	Haplic Luvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Haplic Luvisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Eutric Cambisols	Dystric Cambisols	Luvic Phaeozems	Haplic Luvisols	Vitric Andosols	Eutric Cambisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	150 m	125 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm	150 m	150 m	50 m	50 m	50 mm	15 m	50 m	50 m	50 m	50 m	15 m
Phase 1									Lithic	Lithic		Lithic	Lithic	Lithic	Lithic	Lithic	Lithic
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm		None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm		None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property	Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)	Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	7 %	7 %	6 %	9 %	48 %	21 %	14 %	4 %	9 %	4 %	16 %	10 %	10 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	10 %
Sand	45 %	44 %	36 %	42 %	26 %	42 %	44 %	41 %	42 %	41 %	37 %	77 %	42 %	75 %	82 %	74 %	77 %
Silt	29 %	27 %	43 %	36 %	30 %	34 %	35 %	37 %	36 %	37 %	44 %	14 %	38 %	14 %	8 %	21 %	14 %
Clay	26 %	29 %	21 %	22 %	44 %	24 %	21 %	22 %	22 %	22 %	19 %	9 %	20 %	11 %	10 %	5 %	9 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Sandy loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.38 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.68 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	0.99 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.77 %	1.5 %	0.65 %	1 %	1.89 %	1.61 %	0.75 %	0.74 %	1 %	0.74 %	2.13 %	0.7 %	1.45 %	1.23 %	0.4 %	3.27 %	0.7 %
PH	6.9	6.7	8	6.6	6.1	7.5	8	6.5	6.6	6.5	7.5	6.9	5.1	6.4	6.5	5.8	6.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	53 cmol kg⁻¹	59 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	135 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	19 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	82 %	86 %	100 %	93 %	62 %	100 %	100 %	91 %	93 %	91 %	100 %	91 %	38 %	87 %	89 %	34 %	91 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	15.9 cmol kg⁻¹	19.5 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	12.9 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	6.7 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	5.9 cmol kg⁻¹	5.5 cmol kg⁻¹	6.7 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.1 %	0 %	7 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	15 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	6 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	0 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	0 %	2 %	1 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	10 %	3 %	10 %	12 %	33 %		18 %	3 %	12 %	3 %		20 %	19 %	4 %	6 %	10 %	20 %
Sand	35 %	40 %	34 %	41 %	24 %		40 %	37 %	41 %	37 %		67 %	45 %	65 %	75 %	75 %	67 %
Silt	28 %	23 %	43 %	34 %	27 %		35 %	34 %	34 %	34 %		16 %	35 %	13 %	8 %	21 %	16 %
Clay	37 %	37 %	23 %	25 %	49 %		25 %	29 %	25 %	29 %		17 %	20 %	22 %	17 %	4 %	17 %
USDA Texture	Clay loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loam	Clay		Loam	Clay loam	Loam	Clay loam		Sandy loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Sandy loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³		1.37 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³		1.48 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.71 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.38 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³		1.5 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³		1.5 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	0.97 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.38 %	0.65 %	0.43 %	0.37 %	0.61 %		0.47 %	0.36 %	0.37 %	0.36 %		0.4 %	0.5 %	0.94 %	0.24 %	1.85 %	0.4 %
PH	7.3	7.2	8.1	7	6.4		8.1	6.7	7	6.7		7.3	5.2	6.4	6.5	5.9	7.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	62 cmol kg⁻¹	67 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹		52 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹		48 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	53 cmol kg⁻¹	146 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	25 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹		15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹		8 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	90 %	90 %	100 %	93 %	55 %		100 %	93 %	93 %	93 %		91 %	33 %	88 %	88 %	23 %	91 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	25 cmol kg⁻¹	23.9 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹		36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹		9.3 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	8.1 cmol kg⁻¹	5.3 cmol kg⁻¹	9.3 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.8 %	0.1 %	8.7 %	0.1 %	0 %		15 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %		0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0.1 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	0 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	0 %		2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %		2 %	2 %	0 %	1 %	1 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263