World Species : Protected Area : Laguna di Orbetello

Laguna di Orbetello

Location:	Italy
Area:	9,128 acres (3,694 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B				C

Share	40 %	30 %	30 %	50 %	30 %	15 %	5 %	65 %	30 %
Soil Type	Eutric Fluvisols	Eutric Gleysols	Eutric Regosols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Fluvisols	Gleyic Cambisols	Eutric Vertisols	Chromic Luvisols	Lithic Leptosols
Topsoil Texture	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Fine	Coarse	Fine	Fine	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm
Drainage	Poor	Poor	Somewhat excessive	Well	Very poor	Poor	Poor	Imperfectly	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	100 m	15 m	75 m	15 m	50 m	50 m	15 mm
Phase 1				Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Lithic
Root Obstacle	60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property							Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	18 %	4 %	15 %	10 %	4 %	5 %	4 %	4 %	21 %
Sand	80 %	37 %	83 %	77 %	19 %	76 %	19 %	27 %	42 %
Silt	12 %	40 %	11 %	14 %	32 %	13 %	25 %	27 %	34 %
Clay	8 %	23 %	6 %	9 %	49 %	11 %	56 %	46 %	24 %
USDA Texture	Loamy sand	Loam	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Clay	Sandy loam	Clay	Clay	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.62 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.67 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.27 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.58 %	1.07 %	0.5 %	0.7 %	1.19 %	0.79 %	1.05 %	1.2 %	1.61 %
PH	6.8	6.2	6.6	6.9	6.2	6.2	6.9	6.3	7.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	64 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	7 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	89 %	88 %	93 %	91 %	91 %	71 %	100 %	79 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	7.4 cmol kg⁻¹	10.2 cmol kg⁻¹	4.2 cmol kg⁻¹	6.7 cmol kg⁻¹	22.7 cmol kg⁻¹	7.1 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	13.4 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %	3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	10 %	5 %	22 %	20 %	3 %	8 %	5 %	6 %
Sand	79 %	36 %	80 %	67 %	21 %	62 %	18 %	21 %
Silt	11 %	36 %	11 %	16 %	32 %	15 %	24 %	25 %
Clay	10 %	28 %	9 %	17 %	47 %	23 %	58 %	54 %
USDA Texture	Sandy loam	Clay loam	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Clay	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.59 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.44 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.24 %	0.37 %	0.3 %	0.4 %	0.55 %	0.41 %	0.59 %	0.58 %
PH	6.9	6.6	6.7	7.3	6.8	6.1	7.5	6.4
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	57 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	6 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	93 %	90 %	76 %	91 %	99 %	77 %	100 %	83 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	9 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹	2.8 cmol kg⁻¹	9.3 cmol kg⁻¹	18.2 cmol kg⁻¹	8.9 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.2 %	0 %	0.8 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263