World Species : Protected Area : Crete dell'Orcia e del Formone

Crete dell'Orcia e del Formone

Location:	Italy
Area:	20,357 acres (8,238 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A						B

Share	40 %	25 %	20 %	5 %	5 %	5 %	45 %	40 %	8 %	7 %
Soil Type	Eutric Cambisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Calcaric Regosols	Chromic Luvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Haplic Luvisols	Vertic Cambisols	Calcaric Regosols	Eutric Vertisols	Eutric Cambisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	150 m	100 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	100 m	100 m	75 m	150 m
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	40 - 80 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property							Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)		Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	9 %	5 %	14 %	12 %	9 %	4 %	7 %	48 %	7 %	9 %
Sand	42 %	76 %	44 %	48 %	42 %	41 %	45 %	22 %	44 %	42 %
Silt	36 %	12 %	35 %	28 %	36 %	37 %	29 %	36 %	27 %	36 %
Clay	22 %	12 %	21 %	24 %	22 %	22 %	26 %	42 %	29 %	22 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Clay loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.37 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1 %	0.36 %	0.75 %	0.83 %	1 %	0.74 %	0.77 %	1.83 %	1.5 %	1 %
PH	6.6	8.2	8	6.3	6.6	6.5	6.9	7.6	6.7	6.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	55 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	53 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	59 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	16 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	93 %	97 %	100 %	88 %	93 %	91 %	82 %	62 %	86 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	14 cmol kg⁻¹	8.4 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15.9 cmol kg⁻¹	12.9 cmol kg⁻¹	19.5 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	3 %	15 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	3 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	7 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	12 %	9 %	18 %	8 %	12 %	3 %	10 %	33 %	3 %	12 %
Sand	41 %	70 %	40 %	41 %	41 %	37 %	35 %	21 %	40 %	41 %
Silt	34 %	14 %	35 %	25 %	34 %	34 %	28 %	36 %	23 %	34 %
Clay	25 %	16 %	25 %	34 %	25 %	29 %	37 %	43 %	37 %	25 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Clay loam	Loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay	Clay loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.38 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.37 %	0.34 %	0.47 %	0.4 %	0.37 %	0.36 %	0.38 %	0.5 %	0.65 %	0.37 %
PH	7	8	8.1	6.4	7	6.7	7.3	7.8	7.2	7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	55 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	62 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	67 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	15 cmol kg⁻¹	22 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	93 %	84 %	100 %	90 %	93 %	93 %	90 %	55 %	90 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	7.9 cmol kg⁻¹	36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	23.9 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.1 %	5.5 %	15 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.8 %	3 %	0.1 %	0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	4 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	0 %	3 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263