World Species : Protected Area : Bosco di Chiusi e Paduletta di Ramone

Bosco di Chiusi e Paduletta di Ramone

Location:	Italy
Area:	1,035 acres (419 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B

Share	50 %	30 %	20 %	40 %	25 %	20 %	5 %	5 %	5 %
Soil Type	Gleyic Luvisols	Eutric Fluvisols	Dystric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Calcaric Regosols	Chromic Luvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Haplic Luvisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	100 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m
Root Obstacle	60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	5 %	4 %	10 %	9 %	5 %	14 %	12 %	9 %	4 %
Sand	47 %	39 %	42 %	42 %	76 %	44 %	48 %	42 %	41 %
Silt	29 %	40 %	38 %	36 %	12 %	35 %	28 %	36 %	37 %
Clay	24 %	21 %	20 %	22 %	12 %	21 %	24 %	22 %	22 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.54 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.83 %	0.86 %	1.45 %	1 %	0.36 %	0.75 %	0.83 %	1 %	0.74 %
PH	6.3	7.2	5.1	6.6	8.2	8	6.3	6.6	6.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	46 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	93 %	91 %	38 %	93 %	97 %	100 %	88 %	93 %	91 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	14.9 cmol kg⁻¹	16.9 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	8.4 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0.5 %	0 %	0 %	3 %	15 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	7 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	6 %	7 %	19 %	12 %	9 %	18 %	8 %	12 %	3 %
Sand	39 %	41 %	45 %	41 %	70 %	40 %	41 %	41 %	37 %
Silt	27 %	38 %	35 %	34 %	14 %	35 %	25 %	34 %	34 %
Clay	34 %	21 %	20 %	25 %	16 %	25 %	34 %	25 %	29 %
USDA Texture	Clay loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Clay loam	Loam	Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.33 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.65 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.28 %	0.38 %	0.5 %	0.37 %	0.34 %	0.47 %	0.4 %	0.37 %	0.36 %
PH	7	7.5	5.2	7	8	8.1	6.4	7	6.7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	44 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	16 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	22 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	99 %	96 %	33 %	93 %	84 %	100 %	90 %	93 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	15.9 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	7.9 cmol kg⁻¹	36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.4 %	2.5 %	0 %	0.1 %	5.5 %	15 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	4 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263