Abetone

Location:Italy
Area:1,542 acres (624 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share50 %35 %8 %7 %
Soil TypeDystric CambisolsCambic PodzolsUmbric LeptosolsHaplic Luvisols
Topsoil TextureCoarseCoarseCoarseCoarse
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm30 cm100 cm
DrainageWellSomewhat excessiveModerately wellModerately well
Available Water Capacity50 m15 m15 mm75 m
Phase 1StonyStonyStonyStony
Root ObstacleNone to 80 cm20 - 40 cm None to 80 cm
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cm40 - 80 cm None to 150 cm
Soil Water RegimeNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel10 %3 %10 %4 %
Sand75 %85 %79 %82 %
Silt15 %10 %13 %8 %
Clay10 %5 %8 %10 %
USDA TextureSandy loamLoamy sandLoamy sandLoamy sand
Reference Bulk Density1.58 g/cm³1.7 g/cm³1.62 g/cm³1.59 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.49 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.7 %2.02 %2.59 %0.4 %
PH5.14.34.76.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity21 cmol kg⁻¹78 cmol kg⁻¹24 cmol kg⁻¹48 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity5 cmol kg⁻¹5 cmol kg⁻¹8 cmol kg⁻¹6 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation28 %17 %86 %89 %
Total Exchangeable Bases1.5 cmol kg⁻¹2.5 cmol kg⁻¹5.2 cmol kg⁻¹5.9 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium5 %0 %0 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel9 %3 % 6 %
Sand68 %86 % 75 %
Silt17 %10 % 8 %
Clay15 %4 % 17 %
USDA TextureSandy loamLoamy sand Sandy loam
Reference Bulk Density1.51 g/cm³1.73 g/cm³ 1.5 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.5 g/cm³1.57 g/cm³ 1.57 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.27 %0.51 % 0.24 %
PH54.8 6.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity31 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹ 53 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity5 cmol kg⁻¹2 cmol kg⁻¹ 10 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation36 %21 % 88 %
Total Exchangeable Bases1.4 cmol kg⁻¹1.5 cmol kg⁻¹ 8.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 % 0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 % 0 %
Exchangeable Sodium5 %0 % 1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1 0.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263