Bosco di Volano

Location:Italy
Area:991 acres (401 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Po Basin mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share40 %30 %30 %
Soil TypeEutric FluvisolsEutric GleysolsEutric Regosols
Topsoil TextureCoarseMediumCoarse
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainagePoorPoorSomewhat excessive
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m100 m
Root Obstacle60 - 80 cm60 - 80 cmNone to 80 cm
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm
Soil Water RegimeWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel18 %4 %15 %
Sand80 %37 %83 %
Silt12 %40 %11 %
Clay8 %23 %6 %
USDA TextureLoamy sandLoamLoamy sand
Reference Bulk Density1.62 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.67 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.27 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.58 %1.07 %0.5 %
PH6.86.26.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity64 cmol kg⁻¹41 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity7 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹5 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation89 %88 %93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases7.4 cmol kg⁻¹10.2 cmol kg⁻¹4.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 %2 %3 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel10 %5 %22 %
Sand79 %36 %80 %
Silt11 %36 %11 %
Clay10 %28 %9 %
USDA TextureSandy loamClay loamLoamy sand
Reference Bulk Density1.59 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³1.6 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.44 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³1.22 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.24 %0.37 %0.3 %
PH6.96.66.7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity57 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹44 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity6 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹4 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation93 %90 %76 %
Total Exchangeable Bases9 cmol kg⁻¹11.9 cmol kg⁻¹2.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0.1 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %2 %3 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263