Boschi di San Luca e Destra Reno

Location:Italy
Area:4,821 acres (1,951 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
Po Basin mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 ABC
    
Share35 %30 %15 %10 %5 %5 %20 %15 %13 %12 %10 %10 %10 %10 %50 %30 %10 %10 %
Soil TypeCalcaric RegosolsEutric RegosolsEutric CambisolsLithic LeptosolsGleyic LuvisolsHaplic LuvisolsVertic CambisolsEutric VertisolsCalcaric CambisolsEutric CambisolsEutric RegosolsLithic LeptosolsCalcaric RegosolsHaplic LuvisolsGleyic LuvisolsHaplic LuvisolsEutric FluvisolsEutric Cambisols
Topsoil TextureMediumFineMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumFineMediumMediumMediumMediumFineMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm10 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm10 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellImperfectlyPoorModerately wellModerately wellPoorModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellImperfectlyModerately wellModerately wellPoorModerately wellPoorModerately well
Available Water Capacity100 m75 m100 m15 mm100 m100 m150 m125 m150 m150 m150 m15 mm150 m150 m100 m100 m125 m100 m
Phase 1StonyStonyStonyStonyStonyStony        StonyStonyStonyStony
Root ObstacleNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm None to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm None to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer80 - 150 cm80 - 150 cm80 - 150 cm None to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm None to 150 cmNone to 150 cm80 - 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm
Soil Water RegimeWet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 monthWet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property      Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)          
Topsoil Properties
Gravel14 %48 %9 %21 %5 %4 %7 %7 %6 %9 %48 %21 %14 %4 %5 %19 %4 %9 %
Sand44 %26 %42 %42 %47 %41 %45 %44 %36 %42 %26 %42 %44 %41 %47 %31 %39 %42 %
Silt35 %30 %36 %34 %29 %37 %29 %27 %43 %36 %30 %34 %35 %37 %29 %22 %40 %36 %
Clay21 %44 %22 %24 %24 %22 %26 %29 %21 %22 %44 %24 %21 %22 %24 %47 %21 %22 %
USDA TextureLoamClayLoamLoamLoamLoamLoamClay loamLoamLoamClayLoamLoamLoamLoamClayLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.41 g/cm³1.26 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.26 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.26 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.37 g/cm³1.28 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.54 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.29 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.28 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.54 g/cm³1.31 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.75 %1.89 %1 %1.61 %0.83 %0.74 %0.77 %1.5 %0.65 %1 %1.89 %1.61 %0.75 %0.74 %0.83 %1.2 %0.86 %1 %
PH86.16.67.56.36.56.96.786.66.17.586.56.36.57.26.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity45 cmol kg⁻¹52 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹46 cmol kg⁻¹47 cmol kg⁻¹53 cmol kg⁻¹59 cmol kg⁻¹52 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹52 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹47 cmol kg⁻¹46 cmol kg⁻¹44 cmol kg⁻¹63 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity17 cmol kg⁻¹24 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹19 cmol kg⁻¹24 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹24 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹17 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹27 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %62 %93 %100 %93 %91 %82 %86 %100 %93 %62 %100 %100 %91 %93 %83 %91 %93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases26.8 cmol kg⁻¹12.9 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹14.9 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹15.9 cmol kg⁻¹19.5 cmol kg⁻¹24.3 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹12.9 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹26.8 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹14.9 cmol kg⁻¹22.6 cmol kg⁻¹16.9 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate15 %0 %0 %3.9 %0 %0 %0.1 %0 %7 %0 %0 %3.9 %15 %0 %0 %0.1 %0.5 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %0 %2 %3 %2 %1 %1 %2 %1 %2 %0 %3 %2 %1 %2 %1 %2 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.2 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.4 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.2 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel18 %33 %12 % 6 %3 %10 %3 %10 %12 %33 % 18 %3 %6 %28 %7 %12 %
Sand40 %24 %41 % 39 %37 %35 %40 %34 %41 %24 % 40 %37 %39 %27 %41 %41 %
Silt35 %27 %34 % 27 %34 %28 %23 %43 %34 %27 % 35 %34 %27 %20 %38 %34 %
Clay25 %49 %25 % 34 %29 %37 %37 %23 %25 %49 % 25 %29 %34 %53 %21 %25 %
USDA TextureLoamClayLoam Clay loamClay loamClay loamClay loamLoamLoamClay LoamClay loamClay loamClayLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.37 g/cm³1.24 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³ 1.33 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.32 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.24 g/cm³ 1.37 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³1.33 g/cm³1.24 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.5 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³ 1.65 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³ 1.5 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³1.65 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.47 %0.61 %0.37 % 0.28 %0.36 %0.38 %0.65 %0.43 %0.37 %0.61 % 0.47 %0.36 %0.28 %0.59 %0.38 %0.37 %
PH8.16.47 76.77.37.28.176.4 8.16.777.47.57
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity52 cmol kg⁻¹40 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹ 44 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹62 cmol kg⁻¹67 cmol kg⁻¹54 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹40 cmol kg⁻¹ 52 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹44 cmol kg⁻¹49 cmol kg⁻¹61 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity15 cmol kg⁻¹23 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹ 16 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹25 cmol kg⁻¹27 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹23 cmol kg⁻¹ 15 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹27 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %55 %93 % 99 %93 %90 %90 %100 %93 %55 % 100 %93 %99 %84 %96 %93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases36.5 cmol kg⁻¹11.6 cmol kg⁻¹15.1 cmol kg⁻¹ 15.9 cmol kg⁻¹13.1 cmol kg⁻¹25 cmol kg⁻¹23.9 cmol kg⁻¹28.7 cmol kg⁻¹15.1 cmol kg⁻¹11.6 cmol kg⁻¹ 36.5 cmol kg⁻¹13.1 cmol kg⁻¹15.9 cmol kg⁻¹26.2 cmol kg⁻¹15.2 cmol kg⁻¹15.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate15 %0 %0.1 % 0.4 %0 %0.8 %0.1 %8.7 %0.1 %0 % 15 %0 %0.4 %4 %2.5 %0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 % 0 %0 %0 %0.1 %0.4 %0 %0 % 0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %0 %2 % 2 %1 %0 %2 %1 %2 %0 % 2 %1 %2 %1 %3 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1 0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1 0.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263