World Species : Protected Area : Valli di Novellara

Valli di Novellara

Location:	Italy
Area:	4,552 acres (1,842 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Po Basin mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B

Share	50 %	30 %	20 %	50 %	30 %	15 %	5 %
Soil Type	Eutric Fluvisols	Eutric Fluvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Fluvisols	Gleyic Cambisols	Eutric Vertisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Fine	Coarse	Fine
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Well	Very poor	Poor	Poor
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	15 m	75 m	15 m	50 m
Phase 1	Saline	Saline	Saline	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property							Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	4 %	9 %	10 %	4 %	5 %	4 %
Sand	39 %	39 %	42 %	77 %	19 %	76 %	19 %
Silt	40 %	40 %	36 %	14 %	32 %	13 %	25 %
Clay	21 %	21 %	22 %	9 %	49 %	11 %	56 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Clay	Sandy loam	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.36 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.86 %	0.86 %	1 %	0.7 %	1.19 %	0.79 %	1.05 %
PH	7.2	7.2	6.6	6.9	6.2	6.2	6.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	63 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	91 %	91 %	93 %	91 %	91 %	71 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	16.9 cmol kg⁻¹	16.9 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	6.7 cmol kg⁻¹	22.7 cmol kg⁻¹	7.1 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.5 %	0.5 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	7 %	7 %	12 %	20 %	3 %	8 %	5 %
Sand	41 %	41 %	41 %	67 %	21 %	62 %	18 %
Silt	38 %	38 %	34 %	16 %	32 %	15 %	24 %
Clay	21 %	21 %	25 %	17 %	47 %	23 %	58 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Clay	Sandy clay loam	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.38 %	0.38 %	0.37 %	0.4 %	0.55 %	0.41 %	0.59 %
PH	7.5	7.5	7	7.3	6.8	6.1	7.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	61 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	96 %	96 %	93 %	91 %	99 %	77 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	9.3 cmol kg⁻¹	18.2 cmol kg⁻¹	8.9 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	2.5 %	2.5 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.2 %	0 %	0.8 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	3 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263