World Species : Protected Area : Conoide del Nure e Bosco di Fornace Vecchia

Conoide del Nure e Bosco di Fornace Vecchia

Location:	Italy
Area:	1,391 acres (563 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
Po Basin mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A				B

Share	40 %	30 %	20 %	10 %	50 %	30 %	10 %	10 %
Soil Type	Haplic Luvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Dystric Cambisols	Eutric Fluvisols	Gleyic Luvisols	Haplic Luvisols	Eutric Fluvisols	Eutric Cambisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	50 m	150 m	100 m	100 m	125 m	100 m
Phase 1					Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	0 - 40 cm	80 - 150 cm	80 - 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	10 %	10 %	4 %	5 %	19 %	4 %	9 %
Sand	41 %	23 %	42 %	39 %	47 %	31 %	39 %	42 %
Silt	37 %	29 %	38 %	40 %	29 %	22 %	40 %	36 %
Clay	22 %	48 %	20 %	21 %	24 %	47 %	21 %	22 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.43 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.74 %	1.17 %	1.45 %	0.86 %	0.83 %	1.2 %	0.86 %	1 %
PH	6.5	6.7	5.1	7.2	6.3	6.5	7.2	6.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	47 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	13 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	91 %	89 %	38 %	91 %	93 %	83 %	91 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	11 cmol kg⁻¹	22.1 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	16.9 cmol kg⁻¹	14.9 cmol kg⁻¹	22.6 cmol kg⁻¹	16.9 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.5 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.5 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	3 %	24 %	19 %	7 %	6 %	28 %	7 %	12 %
Sand	37 %	26 %	45 %	41 %	39 %	27 %	41 %	41 %
Silt	34 %	29 %	35 %	38 %	27 %	20 %	38 %	34 %
Clay	29 %	45 %	20 %	21 %	34 %	53 %	21 %	25 %
USDA Texture	Clay loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Clay loam	Clay	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.35 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.51 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.65 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.36 %	0.58 %	0.5 %	0.38 %	0.28 %	0.59 %	0.38 %	0.37 %
PH	6.7	7	5.2	7.5	7	7.4	7.5	7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	50 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	14 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	93 %	97 %	33 %	96 %	99 %	84 %	96 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	25.9 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	15.9 cmol kg⁻¹	26.2 cmol kg⁻¹	15.2 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0.3 %	0 %	2.5 %	0.4 %	4 %	2.5 %	0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263