Valsolda

Location:Italy
Area:808 acres (327 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Dfc (Climate: snow; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: cool summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Alps conifer and mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share50 %30 %10 %10 %
Soil TypeRendzic LeptosolsLithic LeptosolsEutric CambisolsEutric Cambisols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth30 cm10 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectly
Available Water Capacity50 mm15 mm50 m50 m
Phase 1  LithicLithic
Root Obstacle  None to 80 cmNone to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer  None to 150 cmNone to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime  Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel16 %21 %9 %9 %
Sand37 %42 %42 %42 %
Silt44 %34 %36 %36 %
Clay19 %24 %22 %22 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.41 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.24 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³
Organic Carbon2.13 %1.61 %1 %1 %
PH7.57.56.66.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity80 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity27 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %100 %93 %93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases28.8 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate6 %3.9 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %3 %2 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel  12 %12 %
Sand  41 %41 %
Silt  34 %34 %
Clay  25 %25 %
USDA Texture  LoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density  1.38 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density  1.39 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon  0.37 %0.37 %
PH  77
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity  55 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity  15 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation  93 %93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases  15.1 cmol kg⁻¹15.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate  0.1 %0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate  0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium  2 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity  0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263