Lago di Varese

Location:Italy
Area:4,295 acres (1,738 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Alps conifer and mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share40 %30 %20 %10 %
Soil TypeHaplic LuvisolsEutric CambisolsDystric CambisolsEutric Fluvisols
Topsoil TextureMediumFineMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellPoor
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m50 m150 m
Root ObstacleNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm0 - 40 cm80 - 150 cm
Soil Water RegimeWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel4 %10 %10 %4 %
Sand41 %23 %42 %39 %
Silt37 %29 %38 %40 %
Clay22 %48 %20 %21 %
USDA TextureLoamClayLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.4 g/cm³1.25 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.43 g/cm³1.28 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.74 %1.17 %1.45 %0.86 %
PH6.56.75.17.2
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity47 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹32 cmol kg⁻¹63 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity13 cmol kg⁻¹27 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation91 %89 %38 %91 %
Total Exchangeable Bases11 cmol kg⁻¹22.1 cmol kg⁻¹4.3 cmol kg⁻¹16.9 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0.1 %0 %0.5 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %1 %2 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel3 %24 %19 %7 %
Sand37 %26 %45 %41 %
Silt34 %29 %35 %38 %
Clay29 %45 %20 %21 %
USDA TextureClay loamClayLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.35 g/cm³1.26 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.51 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.36 %0.58 %0.5 %0.38 %
PH6.775.27.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity50 cmol kg⁻¹51 cmol kg⁻¹35 cmol kg⁻¹61 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity14 cmol kg⁻¹25 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation93 %97 %33 %96 %
Total Exchangeable Bases13.1 cmol kg⁻¹25.9 cmol kg⁻¹2.6 cmol kg⁻¹15.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0.3 %0 %2.5 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %1 %2 %3 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263