Ceppo Tomena

Location:Italy
Area:5,115 acres (2,070 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Csb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share70 %20 %10 %50 %30 %10 %5 %5 %
Soil TypeCalcaric CambisolsChromic LuvisolsEutric RegosolsDystric CambisolsEutric CambisolsHaplic LuvisolsLithic LeptosolsLithic Leptosols
Topsoil TextureMediumFineMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm10 cm10 cm
DrainageImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectly
Available Water Capacity50 m50 m50 m50 m50 m50 m15 mm15 mm
Phase 1LithicLithicLithicLithicLithicLithic  
Root ObstacleNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm  
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm80 - 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm  
Soil Water RegimeWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month  
Topsoil Properties
Gravel6 %4 %25 %10 %9 %4 %21 %21 %
Sand36 %27 %47 %42 %42 %41 %42 %42 %
Silt43 %27 %34 %38 %36 %37 %34 %34 %
Clay21 %46 %19 %20 %22 %22 %24 %24 %
USDA TextureLoamClayLoamLoamLoamLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.39 g/cm³1.26 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.41 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.21 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.65 %1.2 %0.98 %1.45 %1 %0.74 %1.61 %1.61 %
PH86.36.45.16.66.57.57.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity52 cmol kg⁻¹31 cmol kg⁻¹40 cmol kg⁻¹32 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹47 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity16 cmol kg⁻¹19 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %79 %78 %38 %93 %91 %100 %100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases24.3 cmol kg⁻¹13.4 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹4.3 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate7 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %3.9 %3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %1 %1 %2 %2 %1 %3 %3 %
Electrical Conductivity0.4 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel10 %6 %28 %19 %12 %3 %  
Sand34 %21 %51 %45 %41 %37 %  
Silt43 %25 %31 %35 %34 %34 %  
Clay23 %54 %18 %20 %25 %29 %  
USDA TextureLoamClayLoamLoamLoamClay loam  
Reference Bulk Density1.38 g/cm³1.22 g/cm³1.44 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³  
Bulk Density1.45 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³  
Organic Carbon0.43 %0.58 %0.4 %0.5 %0.37 %0.36 %  
PH8.16.46.95.276.7  
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity54 cmol kg⁻¹33 cmol kg⁻¹56 cmol kg⁻¹35 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹  
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity16 cmol kg⁻¹20 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹  
Base Saturation100 %83 %89 %33 %93 %93 %  
Total Exchangeable Bases28.7 cmol kg⁻¹13.1 cmol kg⁻¹10.3 cmol kg⁻¹2.6 cmol kg⁻¹15.1 cmol kg⁻¹13.1 cmol kg⁻¹  
Calcium Carbonate8.7 %0 %0 %0 %0.1 %0 %  
Calcium Sulphate0.4 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %  
Exchangeable Sodium1 %1 %2 %2 %2 %1 %  
Electrical Conductivity0.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1  
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263