Alto Caprauna

Location:Italy
Area:3,329 acres (1,347 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 ABC
    
Share45 %30 %25 %70 %20 %10 %50 %30 %10 %5 %5 %
Soil TypeEutric CambisolsHaplic LuvisolsRendzic LeptosolsCalcaric CambisolsChromic LuvisolsEutric RegosolsDystric CambisolsEutric CambisolsHaplic LuvisolsLithic LeptosolsLithic Leptosols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMediumFineMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm30 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm10 cm10 cm
DrainageImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectly
Available Water Capacity50 m50 m50 mm50 m50 m50 m50 m50 m50 m15 mm15 mm
Phase 1LithicLithic LithicLithicLithicLithicLithicLithic  
Root ObstacleNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm None to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm  
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm None to 150 cmNone to 150 cm80 - 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm  
Soil Water RegimeWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month  
Topsoil Properties
Gravel9 %4 %16 %6 %4 %25 %10 %9 %4 %21 %21 %
Sand42 %41 %37 %36 %27 %47 %42 %42 %41 %42 %42 %
Silt36 %37 %44 %43 %27 %34 %38 %36 %37 %34 %34 %
Clay22 %22 %19 %21 %46 %19 %20 %22 %22 %24 %24 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoamLoamClayLoamLoamLoamLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.26 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.37 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.24 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.21 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1 %0.74 %2.13 %0.65 %1.2 %0.98 %1.45 %1 %0.74 %1.61 %1.61 %
PH6.66.57.586.36.45.16.66.57.57.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity55 cmol kg⁻¹47 cmol kg⁻¹80 cmol kg⁻¹52 cmol kg⁻¹31 cmol kg⁻¹40 cmol kg⁻¹32 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹47 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity16 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹27 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹19 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation93 %91 %100 %100 %79 %78 %38 %93 %91 %100 %100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases14 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹28.8 cmol kg⁻¹24.3 cmol kg⁻¹13.4 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹4.3 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %6 %7 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %3.9 %3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %1 %2 %1 %1 %1 %2 %2 %1 %3 %3 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.4 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel12 %3 % 10 %6 %28 %19 %12 %3 %  
Sand41 %37 % 34 %21 %51 %45 %41 %37 %  
Silt34 %34 % 43 %25 %31 %35 %34 %34 %  
Clay25 %29 % 23 %54 %18 %20 %25 %29 %  
USDA TextureLoamClay loam LoamClayLoamLoamLoamClay loam  
Reference Bulk Density1.38 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³ 1.38 g/cm³1.22 g/cm³1.44 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³  
Bulk Density1.39 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³ 1.45 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³  
Organic Carbon0.37 %0.36 % 0.43 %0.58 %0.4 %0.5 %0.37 %0.36 %  
PH76.7 8.16.46.95.276.7  
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity55 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹ 54 cmol kg⁻¹33 cmol kg⁻¹56 cmol kg⁻¹35 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹  
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity15 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹ 16 cmol kg⁻¹20 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹  
Base Saturation93 %93 % 100 %83 %89 %33 %93 %93 %  
Total Exchangeable Bases15.1 cmol kg⁻¹13.1 cmol kg⁻¹ 28.7 cmol kg⁻¹13.1 cmol kg⁻¹10.3 cmol kg⁻¹2.6 cmol kg⁻¹15.1 cmol kg⁻¹13.1 cmol kg⁻¹  
Calcium Carbonate0.1 %0 % 8.7 %0 %0 %0 %0.1 %0 %  
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 % 0.4 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %  
Exchangeable Sodium2 %1 % 1 %1 %2 %2 %2 %1 %  
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1 0.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1  
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263