Val Mastallone

Location:Italy
Area:4,651 acres (1,882 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Alps conifer and mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share50 %35 %8 %7 %40 %30 %20 %10 %
Soil TypeDystric CambisolsCambic PodzolsUmbric LeptosolsHaplic LuvisolsCambic PodzolsHaplic PodzolsDystric CambisolsLithic Leptosols
Topsoil TextureCoarseCoarseCoarseCoarseCoarseCoarseCoarseCoarse
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm30 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm10 cm
DrainageWellSomewhat excessiveModerately wellModerately wellWellWellModerately wellModerately well
Available Water Capacity50 m15 m15 mm75 m75 m15 m15 m15 mm
Phase 1StonyStonyStonyStonyLithicLithicLithic 
Root ObstacleNone to 80 cm20 - 40 cm None to 80 cm20 - 40 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm 
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cm40 - 80 cm None to 150 cm40 - 80 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm 
Soil Water RegimeNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month 
Topsoil Properties
Gravel10 %3 %10 %4 %3 %3 %10 %21 %
Sand75 %85 %79 %82 %85 %87 %75 %73 %
Silt15 %10 %13 %8 %10 %9 %15 %18 %
Clay10 %5 %8 %10 %5 %4 %10 %9 %
USDA TextureSandy loamLoamy sandLoamy sandLoamy sandLoamy sandLoamy sandSandy loamSandy loam
Reference Bulk Density1.58 g/cm³1.7 g/cm³1.62 g/cm³1.59 g/cm³1.7 g/cm³1.73 g/cm³1.58 g/cm³1.59 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.49 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.49 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.7 %2.02 %2.59 %0.4 %2.02 %2.18 %0.7 %1.4 %
PH5.14.34.76.54.34.45.17.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity21 cmol kg⁻¹78 cmol kg⁻¹24 cmol kg⁻¹48 cmol kg⁻¹78 cmol kg⁻¹101 cmol kg⁻¹21 cmol kg⁻¹85 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity5 cmol kg⁻¹5 cmol kg⁻¹8 cmol kg⁻¹6 cmol kg⁻¹5 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹5 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation28 %17 %86 %89 %17 %11 %28 %86 %
Total Exchangeable Bases1.5 cmol kg⁻¹2.5 cmol kg⁻¹5.2 cmol kg⁻¹5.9 cmol kg⁻¹2.5 cmol kg⁻¹2.6 cmol kg⁻¹1.5 cmol kg⁻¹5.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium5 %0 %0 %2 %0 %1 %5 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel9 %3 % 6 %3 %4 %9 % 
Sand68 %86 % 75 %86 %88 %68 % 
Silt17 %10 % 8 %10 %8 %17 % 
Clay15 %4 % 17 %4 %4 %15 % 
USDA TextureSandy loamLoamy sand Sandy loamLoamy sandSandSandy loam 
Reference Bulk Density1.51 g/cm³1.73 g/cm³ 1.5 g/cm³1.73 g/cm³1.74 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³ 
Bulk Density1.5 g/cm³1.57 g/cm³ 1.57 g/cm³1.57 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³ 
Organic Carbon0.27 %0.51 % 0.24 %0.51 %0.39 %0.27 % 
PH54.8 6.54.855 
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity31 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹ 53 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹66 cmol kg⁻¹31 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity5 cmol kg⁻¹2 cmol kg⁻¹ 10 cmol kg⁻¹2 cmol kg⁻¹2 cmol kg⁻¹5 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Base Saturation36 %21 % 88 %21 %21 %36 % 
Total Exchangeable Bases1.4 cmol kg⁻¹1.5 cmol kg⁻¹ 8.1 cmol kg⁻¹1.5 cmol kg⁻¹1.5 cmol kg⁻¹1.4 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 % 0 %0 %0 %0 % 
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 % 0 %0 %0 %0 % 
Exchangeable Sodium5 %0 % 1 %0 %3 %5 % 
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1 0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1 
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263