World Species : Protected Area : Hortobágy

Hortobágy

Location:	Hungary
Area:	298,489 acres (120,794 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Pannonian mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B			C			D		E			F			G					H

Share	70 %	20 %	10 %	70 %	15 %	15 %	40 %	40 %	20 %	70 %	30 %	50 %	35 %	15 %	50 %	30 %	20 %	35 %	35 %	15 %	10 %	5 %	75 %	25 %
Soil Type	Calcic Chernozems	Haplic Chernozems	Haplic Phaeozems	Gleyic Phaeozems	Mollic Solonetz	Haplic Solonetz	Gleyic Phaeozems	Eutric Vertisols	Mollic Solonetz	Haplic Phaeozems	Eutric Fluvisols	Haplic Phaeozems	Eutric Fluvisols	Eutric Vertisols	Mollic Solonetz	Haplic Solonetz	Eutric Vertisols	Mollic Solonetz	Haplic Solonetz	Eutric Vertisols	Haplic Phaeozems	Haplic Solonchaks	Eutric Vertisols	Mollic Solonetz
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Fine	Medium	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Medium	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Very poor	Moderately well	Very poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	100 m	150 m	150 m	125 m	50 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	125 m	100 m	50 m	125 m	100 m	50 m	125 m	150 m	150 m	125 m	100 m
Phase 1					Sodic				Saline	Saline						Saline	Saline	Saline	Saline	Saline
Phase 2																		Sodic	Sodic
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	0 - 40 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	0 - 40 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	0 - 40 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month
Misc. Property								Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)						Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)			Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)			Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)			Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	4 %	2 %	2 %	4 %	4 %	2 %	4 %	4 %	1 %	4 %	2 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	1 %	4 %	4 %	4 %
Sand	28 %	12 %	38 %	10 %	17 %	20 %	10 %	19 %	17 %	19 %	19 %	38 %	19 %	19 %	17 %	20 %	19 %	17 %	20 %	19 %	19 %	19 %	19 %	17 %
Silt	47 %	46 %	39 %	43 %	43 %	37 %	43 %	25 %	43 %	34 %	32 %	39 %	32 %	25 %	43 %	37 %	25 %	43 %	37 %	25 %	34 %	29 %	25 %	43 %
Clay	25 %	42 %	23 %	47 %	40 %	43 %	47 %	56 %	40 %	47 %	49 %	23 %	49 %	56 %	40 %	43 %	56 %	40 %	43 %	56 %	47 %	52 %	56 %	40 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Silty clay	Loam	Silty clay	Silty clay	Clay	Silty clay	Clay	Silty clay	Clay	Clay	Loam	Clay	Clay	Silty clay	Clay	Clay	Silty clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Silty clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.35 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.21 g/cm³	1.18 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.65 %	2.62 %	1.95 %	2.94 %	1.2 %	1.07 %	2.94 %	1.05 %	1.2 %	1.81 %	1.19 %	1.95 %	1.19 %	1.05 %	1.2 %	1.07 %	1.05 %	1.2 %	1.07 %	1.05 %	1.81 %	0.54 %	1.05 %	1.2 %
PH	7.8	7.1	6.4	6.3	8.2	8.3	6.3	6.9	8.2	6.5	6.2	6.4	6.2	6.9	8.2	8.3	6.9	8.2	8.3	6.9	6.5	8.9	6.9	8.2
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	64 cmol kg⁻¹	69 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	58 cmol kg⁻¹	69 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	58 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	69 cmol kg⁻¹	62 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	69 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	69 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	62 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	69 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	23 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	87 %	68 %	100 %	98 %	68 %	100 %	100 %	90 %	91 %	87 %	91 %	100 %	100 %	98 %	100 %	100 %	98 %	100 %	90 %	100 %	100 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	38 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	12.4 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	30.6 cmol kg⁻¹	28.2 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	30.6 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	22.7 cmol kg⁻¹	12.4 cmol kg⁻¹	22.7 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	30.6 cmol kg⁻¹	28.2 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	30.6 cmol kg⁻¹	28.2 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	46.5 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	30.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	4.6 %	6 %	0 %	0 %	3 %	2.7 %	0 %	0.2 %	3 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	3 %	2.7 %	0.2 %	3 %	2.7 %	0.2 %	0.1 %	3 %	0.2 %	3 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	14 %	13 %	2 %	1 %	14 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	14 %	13 %	1 %	14 %	13 %	1 %	1 %	43 %	1 %	14 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.4 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	1.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	1.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	1.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	5.9 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	17 %	6 %	4 %	4 %	6 %	6 %	4 %	5 %	6 %	4 %	3 %	4 %	3 %	5 %	6 %	6 %	5 %	6 %	6 %	5 %	4 %	6 %	5 %	6 %
Sand	28 %	12 %	40 %	27 %	16 %	23 %	27 %	18 %	16 %	24 %	21 %	40 %	21 %	18 %	16 %	23 %	18 %	16 %	23 %	18 %	24 %	33 %	18 %	16 %
Silt	47 %	48 %	37 %	40 %	51 %	36 %	40 %	24 %	51 %	32 %	32 %	37 %	32 %	24 %	51 %	36 %	24 %	51 %	36 %	24 %	32 %	28 %	24 %	51 %
Clay	25 %	40 %	23 %	33 %	33 %	41 %	33 %	58 %	33 %	44 %	47 %	23 %	47 %	58 %	33 %	41 %	58 %	33 %	41 %	58 %	44 %	39 %	58 %	33 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Silty clay	Loam	Clay loam	Silty clay loam	Clay	Clay loam	Clay	Silty clay loam	Clay	Clay	Loam	Clay	Clay	Silty clay loam	Clay	Clay	Silty clay loam	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Silty clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.35 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.78 %	1.17 %	0.67 %	0.38 %	0.37 %	0.4 %	0.38 %	0.59 %	0.37 %	0.83 %	0.55 %	0.67 %	0.55 %	0.59 %	0.37 %	0.4 %	0.59 %	0.37 %	0.4 %	0.59 %	0.83 %	0.38 %	0.59 %	0.37 %
PH	8.2	7.4	6.8	7.1	9.2	8.5	7.1	7.5	9.2	7.2	6.8	6.8	6.8	7.5	9.2	8.5	7.5	9.2	8.5	7.5	7.2	9	7.5	9.2
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	81 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	64 cmol kg⁻¹	53 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	53 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	65 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	64 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	65 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	24 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	22 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	22 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	95 %	90 %	100 %	100 %	90 %	100 %	100 %	97 %	99 %	95 %	99 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	97 %	100 %	100 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	29.1 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	13.8 cmol kg⁻¹	29.5 cmol kg⁻¹	39.6 cmol kg⁻¹	37.8 cmol kg⁻¹	29.5 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	39.6 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	18.2 cmol kg⁻¹	13.8 cmol kg⁻¹	18.2 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	39.6 cmol kg⁻¹	37.8 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	39.6 cmol kg⁻¹	37.8 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	55.3 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	39.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	13.6 %	6 %	0.1 %	1.1 %	3 %	9 %	1.1 %	0.8 %	3 %	0.5 %	0.2 %	0.1 %	0.2 %	0.8 %	3 %	9 %	0.8 %	3 %	9 %	0.8 %	0.5 %	3 %	0.8 %	3 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.5 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	37 %	21 %	1 %	2 %	37 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	37 %	21 %	2 %	37 %	21 %	2 %	1 %	42 %	2 %	37 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.4 dS m-1	0.5 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	2.6 dS m-1	3.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	2.6 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	2.6 dS m-1	3.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	2.6 dS m-1	3.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	14.8 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	2.6 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263