IMERI KAI AGRIA GRAMVOUSSA - TIGANI KAI FALASARNA - PONTIKONISI, ORMOS LIVADI - VIGLIA

Location:Greece
Area:14,286 acres (5,781 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Köppen climate classification:Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Crete Mediterranean forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share85 %5 %5 %5 %50 %15 %6 %4 %
Soil TypeCalcaric FluvisolsCalcic GleysolsCalcaric CambisolsTerric HistosolsLithic LeptosolsCalcaric RegosolsChromic CambisolsChromic Luvisols
Topsoil TextureMediumFineMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm10 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainagePoorVery poorModerately wellVery poorImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyModerately well
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m50 m150 m15 mm15 m15 m100 m
Phase 1 SalineConcretionarySaline LithicStonyStony
Phase 2     StonyLithic 
Root ObstacleNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm 40 - 60 cm40 - 60 cm40 - 60 cm
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cm40 - 80 cmNone to 150 cm40 - 80 cm None to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm
Soil Water RegimeNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel15 %1 %6 %28 %21 %14 %10 %12 %
Sand34 %22 %36 %35 %42 %44 %49 %48 %
Silt48 %24 %43 %33 %34 %35 %28 %28 %
Clay18 %54 %21 %32 %24 %21 %23 %24 %
USDA TextureLoamClayLoamClay loamLoamLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.41 g/cm³1.23 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.32 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.39 g/cm³1.23 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³0.28 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.31 g/cm³1.53 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.6 %1.13 %0.65 %39.4 %1.61 %0.75 %0.98 %0.83 %
PH87.585.67.586.66.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity68 cmol kg⁻¹37 cmol kg⁻¹52 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹39 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity14 cmol kg⁻¹21 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹87 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹17 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %100 %100 %75 %100 %100 %83 %88 %
Total Exchangeable Bases19.8 cmol kg⁻¹27.9 cmol kg⁻¹24.3 cmol kg⁻¹59.5 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹26.8 cmol kg⁻¹11.6 cmol kg⁻¹10 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate11.7 %4.2 %7 %0 %3.9 %15 %0.1 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0.2 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 %3 %1 %1 %3 %2 %2 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.7 dS m-11 dS m-10.4 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.2 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel10 %1 %10 %5 % 18 %9 %8 %
Sand36 %34 %34 %52 % 40 %47 %41 %
Silt46 %22 %43 %23 % 35 %26 %25 %
Clay18 %44 %23 %25 % 25 %27 %34 %
USDA TextureLoamClayLoamSandy clay loam LoamSandy clay loamClay loam
Reference Bulk Density1.41 g/cm³1.28 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³ 1.37 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.33 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.41 g/cm³1.28 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³0.18 g/cm³ 1.5 g/cm³1.44 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.4 %0.36 %0.43 %38.46 % 0.47 %0.47 %0.4 %
PH8.18.28.15.8 8.16.76.4
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity84 cmol kg⁻¹40 cmol kg⁻¹54 cmol kg⁻¹49 cmol kg⁻¹ 52 cmol kg⁻¹44 cmol kg⁻¹41 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity13 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹88 cmol kg⁻¹ 15 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %100 %100 %96 % 100 %92 %90 %
Total Exchangeable Bases20.7 cmol kg⁻¹33.6 cmol kg⁻¹28.7 cmol kg⁻¹81.8 cmol kg⁻¹ 36.5 cmol kg⁻¹11.9 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate12.2 %14.6 %8.7 %0 % 15 %0.1 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0.2 %0 %0.4 %0 % 0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 %5 %1 %1 % 2 %1 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.5 dS m-10.6 dS m-10.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-1 0.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263