World Species : Protected Area : SAMOS: OROS AMPELOS (KARVOUNIS)

SAMOS: OROS AMPELOS (KARVOUNIS)

Location:	Greece
Area:	11,985 acres (4,850 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A						B							C

Share	40 %	20 %	20 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	40 %	30 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	5 %	5 %	30 %	20 %	20 %	10 %	10 %	10 %
Soil Type	Calcaric Regosols	Chromic Cambisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Chromic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Regosols	Lithic Leptosols	Haplic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Haplic Acrisols	Dystric Cambisols	Chromic Luvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Regosols	Chromic Luvisols	Lithic Leptosols	Haplic Acrisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	100 m	100 m	100 m	100 m	75 m	100 m	50 m	15 m	15 mm	50 m	50 m	50 m	15 m	50 m	50 m	15 m	50 m	15 mm	50 m
Phase 1	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Gravelly	Gravelly		Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly		Gravelly
Phase 2							Stony	Lithic					Lithic			Lithic
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm		60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	60 - 80 cm		60 - 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	14 %	10 %	6 %	12 %	4 %	12 %	9 %	25 %	21 %	4 %	12 %	10 %	10 %	12 %	9 %	25 %	4 %	21 %	10 %
Sand	44 %	49 %	36 %	48 %	80 %	48 %	42 %	47 %	42 %	41 %	48 %	52 %	42 %	48 %	42 %	47 %	80 %	42 %	52 %
Silt	35 %	28 %	43 %	28 %	9 %	28 %	36 %	34 %	34 %	37 %	28 %	24 %	38 %	28 %	36 %	34 %	9 %	34 %	24 %
Clay	21 %	23 %	21 %	24 %	11 %	24 %	22 %	19 %	24 %	22 %	24 %	24 %	20 %	24 %	22 %	19 %	11 %	24 %	24 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.37 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.75 %	0.98 %	0.65 %	0.83 %	0.45 %	0.83 %	1 %	0.98 %	1.61 %	0.74 %	0.83 %	1 %	1.45 %	0.83 %	1 %	0.98 %	0.45 %	1.61 %	1 %
PH	8	6.6	8	6.3	6.4	6.3	6.6	6.4	7.5	6.5	6.3	4.9	5.1	6.3	6.6	6.4	6.4	7.5	4.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	45 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	17 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	83 %	100 %	88 %	79 %	88 %	93 %	78 %	100 %	91 %	88 %	47 %	38 %	88 %	93 %	78 %	79 %	100 %	47 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	5.1 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	3.2 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	5.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	3.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	15 %	0.1 %	7 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	18 %	9 %	10 %	8 %	5 %	8 %	12 %	28 %		3 %	8 %	10 %	19 %	8 %	12 %	28 %	5 %		10 %
Sand	40 %	47 %	34 %	41 %	72 %	41 %	41 %	51 %		37 %	41 %	43 %	45 %	41 %	41 %	51 %	72 %		43 %
Silt	35 %	26 %	43 %	25 %	9 %	25 %	34 %	31 %		34 %	25 %	21 %	35 %	25 %	34 %	31 %	9 %		21 %
Clay	25 %	27 %	23 %	34 %	19 %	34 %	25 %	18 %		29 %	34 %	36 %	20 %	34 %	25 %	18 %	19 %		36 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Clay loam	Sandy loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loam		Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam		Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.37 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³		1.35 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³		1.32 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.5 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³		1.4 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.47 %	0.47 %	0.43 %	0.4 %	0.26 %	0.4 %	0.37 %	0.4 %		0.36 %	0.4 %	0.43 %	0.5 %	0.4 %	0.37 %	0.4 %	0.26 %		0.43 %
PH	8.1	6.7	8.1	6.4	6.6	6.4	7	6.9		6.7	6.4	4.9	5.2	6.4	7	6.9	6.6		4.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	52 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹		50 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹		12 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹		14 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹		6 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	92 %	100 %	90 %	79 %	90 %	93 %	89 %		93 %	90 %	32 %	33 %	90 %	93 %	89 %	79 %		32 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	6.3 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹		13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	2.2 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	6.3 cmol kg⁻¹		2.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	15 %	0.1 %	8.7 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %		0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %		1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %		2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263