LIMNI AMVRAKIA

Location:Greece
Area:5,448 acres (2,205 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share50 %15 %6 %4 %30 %20 %15 %10 %10 %5 %
Soil TypeLithic LeptosolsCalcaric RegosolsChromic CambisolsChromic LuvisolsLithic LeptosolsCalcaric RegosolsChromic CambisolsCalcic KastanozemsChromic LuvisolsChromic Luvisols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMediumFineFineFineFineMediumMedium
Reference Depth10 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm10 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyModerately wellImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyModerately wellModerately well
Available Water Capacity15 mm15 m15 m100 m15 mm15 m15 m15 m100 m100 m
Phase 1 LithicStonyStony LithicStonyStonyStonyStony
Phase 2 StonyLithic  StonyLithicLithic  
Root Obstacle 40 - 60 cm40 - 60 cm40 - 60 cm 40 - 60 cm40 - 60 cm40 - 60 cm40 - 60 cm40 - 60 cm
Impermeable Layer None to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm None to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel21 %14 %10 %12 %17 %48 %2 %4 %12 %12 %
Sand42 %44 %49 %48 %28 %22 %21 %16 %48 %48 %
Silt34 %35 %28 %28 %25 %36 %29 %33 %28 %28 %
Clay24 %21 %23 %24 %47 %42 %50 %51 %24 %24 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoamLoamClayClayClayClayLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.38 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.26 g/cm³1.27 g/cm³1.24 g/cm³1.22 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.3 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.31 g/cm³1.53 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.28 g/cm³1.23 g/cm³1.15 g/cm³1.53 g/cm³1.53 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1.61 %0.75 %0.98 %0.83 %2.3 %1.83 %1.43 %1.6 %0.83 %0.83 %
PH7.586.66.37.57.66.87.96.36.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity42 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹39 cmol kg⁻¹33 cmol kg⁻¹32 cmol kg⁻¹32 cmol kg⁻¹79 cmol kg⁻¹39 cmol kg⁻¹39 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity16 cmol kg⁻¹17 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹35 cmol kg⁻¹23 cmol kg⁻¹21 cmol kg⁻¹37 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %100 %83 %88 %100 %62 %94 %94 %88 %88 %
Total Exchangeable Bases15.5 cmol kg⁻¹26.8 cmol kg⁻¹11.6 cmol kg⁻¹10 cmol kg⁻¹37.6 cmol kg⁻¹12.9 cmol kg⁻¹22.9 cmol kg⁻¹43.5 cmol kg⁻¹10 cmol kg⁻¹10 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate3.9 %15 %0.1 %0 %1.4 %3 %0.2 %8.1 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 %2 %2 %1 %1 %1 %1 %2 %1 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.2 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.4 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel 18 %9 %8 % 33 %4 %6 %8 %8 %
Sand 40 %47 %41 % 21 %21 %20 %41 %41 %
Silt 35 %26 %25 % 36 %28 %36 %25 %25 %
Clay 25 %27 %34 % 43 %51 %44 %34 %34 %
USDA Texture LoamSandy clay loamClay loam ClayClayClayClay loamClay loam
Reference Bulk Density 1.37 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.33 g/cm³ 1.25 g/cm³1.23 g/cm³1.26 g/cm³1.33 g/cm³1.33 g/cm³
Bulk Density 1.5 g/cm³1.44 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³ 1.35 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³
Organic Carbon 0.47 %0.47 %0.4 % 0.5 %0.58 %0.6 %0.4 %0.4 %
PH 8.16.76.4 7.87.28.26.46.4
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity 52 cmol kg⁻¹44 cmol kg⁻¹41 cmol kg⁻¹ 39 cmol kg⁻¹31 cmol kg⁻¹77 cmol kg⁻¹41 cmol kg⁻¹41 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity 15 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹ 20 cmol kg⁻¹23 cmol kg⁻¹32 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation 100 %92 %90 % 55 %96 %100 %90 %90 %
Total Exchangeable Bases 36.5 cmol kg⁻¹11.9 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹ 11.6 cmol kg⁻¹19.5 cmol kg⁻¹47.4 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate 15 %0.1 %0 % 3 %0.4 %15.2 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate 0 %0 %0 % 0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium 2 %1 %1 % 3 %1 %3 %1 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity 0.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1 0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263