MASSIF DU MONT VALIER

Location:France
Area:26,240 acres (10,619 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share50 %15 %15 %10 %10 %60 %20 %15 %5 %
Soil TypeDystric CambisolsLithic LeptosolsLithic LeptosolsEutric CambisolsHaplic LuvisolsUmbric LeptosolsHumic CambisolsLithic LeptosolsDystric Cambisols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumCoarseMedium
Reference Depth100 cm10 cm10 cm100 cm100 cm30 cm100 cm10 cm100 cm
DrainageModerately wellImperfectlyImperfectlyModerately wellModerately wellImperfectlyImperfectlyModerately wellImperfectly
Available Water Capacity100 m15 mm15 mm100 m150 m15 mm50 m0 mm50 m
Phase 1StonyStonyStonyStony  LithicStonyLithic
Root Obstacle60 - 80 cm  60 - 80 cmNone to 80 cm 20 - 40 cm 20 - 40 cm
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cm  None to 150 cmNone to 150 cm None to 150 cm None to 150 cm
Soil Water RegimeNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month  Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel10 %21 %21 %9 %4 %6 %8 %21 %10 %
Sand42 %42 %42 %42 %41 %49 %41 %73 %42 %
Silt38 %34 %34 %36 %37 %31 %36 %18 %38 %
Clay20 %24 %24 %22 %22 %20 %23 %9 %20 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoamLoamLoamLoamLoamSandy loamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.41 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.59 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.3 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.1 g/cm³1.1 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1.45 %1.61 %1.61 %1 %0.74 %2.4 %2.72 %1.4 %1.45 %
PH5.17.57.56.66.55.15.37.55.1
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity32 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹47 cmol kg⁻¹34 cmol kg⁻¹52 cmol kg⁻¹85 cmol kg⁻¹32 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity12 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹21 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation38 %100 %100 %93 %91 %36 %25 %86 %38 %
Total Exchangeable Bases4.3 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹4.7 cmol kg⁻¹5.4 cmol kg⁻¹5.2 cmol kg⁻¹4.3 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %3.9 %3.9 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %3 %3 %2 %1 %4 %1 %1 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel19 %  12 %3 % 6 % 19 %
Sand45 %  41 %37 % 44 % 45 %
Silt35 %  34 %34 % 32 % 35 %
Clay20 %  25 %29 % 24 % 20 %
USDA TextureLoam  LoamClay loam Loam Loam
Reference Bulk Density1.42 g/cm³  1.38 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³ 1.39 g/cm³ 1.42 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.36 g/cm³  1.39 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³ 1.16 g/cm³ 1.36 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.5 %  0.37 %0.36 % 1.07 % 0.5 %
PH5.2  76.7 5.3 5.2
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity35 cmol kg⁻¹  55 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹ 37 cmol kg⁻¹ 35 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity9 cmol kg⁻¹  15 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹ 14 cmol kg⁻¹ 9 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation33 %  93 %93 % 30 % 33 %
Total Exchangeable Bases2.6 cmol kg⁻¹  15.1 cmol kg⁻¹13.1 cmol kg⁻¹ 2.5 cmol kg⁻¹ 2.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %  0.1 %0 % 0 % 0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %  0 %0 % 0 % 0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %  2 %1 % 2 % 2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-1  0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1 0.1 dS m-1 0.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263