World Species : Protected Area : Cirque de Gavarnie

Cirque de Gavarnie

Location:	France
Area:	22,944 acres (9,285 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B					C			D

Share	50 %	30 %	20 %	50 %	15 %	15 %	10 %	10 %	50 %	30 %	20 %	50 %	25 %	20 %	5 %
Soil Type	Umbric Leptosols	Humic Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Dystric Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Cambisols	Haplic Luvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Calcaric Cambisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Humic Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Chromic Luvisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	30 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	10 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	15 mm	100 m	15 mm	100 m	15 mm	15 mm	100 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm	150 m	50 mm	50 m	15 mm	50 m
Phase 1	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony						Lithic		Lithic
Root Obstacle		40 - 60 cm		60 - 80 cm			60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm		40 - 60 cm		20 - 40 cm		20 - 40 cm
Impermeable Layer		None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm			None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month			Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	6 %	8 %	21 %	10 %	21 %	21 %	9 %	4 %	6 %	21 %	6 %	16 %	8 %	21 %	12 %
Sand	49 %	41 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	41 %	36 %	42 %	36 %	37 %	41 %	42 %	48 %
Silt	31 %	36 %	34 %	38 %	34 %	34 %	36 %	37 %	43 %	34 %	43 %	44 %	36 %	34 %	28 %
Clay	20 %	23 %	24 %	20 %	24 %	24 %	22 %	22 %	21 %	24 %	21 %	19 %	23 %	24 %	24 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.43 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.1 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	2.4 %	2.72 %	1.61 %	1.45 %	1.61 %	1.61 %	1 %	0.74 %	0.65 %	1.61 %	0.65 %	2.13 %	2.72 %	1.61 %	0.83 %
PH	5.1	5.3	7.5	5.1	7.5	7.5	6.6	6.5	8	7.5	8	7.5	5.3	7.5	6.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	34 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	12 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	36 %	25 %	100 %	38 %	100 %	100 %	93 %	91 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	25 %	100 %	88 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	3.9 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	7 %	3.9 %	7 %	6 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	4 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	3 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel		6 %		19 %			12 %	3 %	10 %		10 %		6 %		8 %
Sand		44 %		45 %			41 %	37 %	34 %		34 %		44 %		41 %
Silt		32 %		35 %			34 %	34 %	43 %		43 %		32 %		25 %
Clay		24 %		20 %			25 %	29 %	23 %		23 %		24 %		34 %
USDA Texture		Loam		Loam			Loam	Clay loam	Loam		Loam		Loam		Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density		1.39 g/cm³		1.42 g/cm³			1.38 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³		1.38 g/cm³		1.39 g/cm³		1.33 g/cm³
Bulk Density		1.16 g/cm³		1.36 g/cm³			1.39 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³		1.45 g/cm³		1.16 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³
Organic Carbon		1.07 %		0.5 %			0.37 %	0.36 %	0.43 %		0.43 %		1.07 %		0.4 %
PH		5.3		5.2			7	6.7	8.1		8.1		5.3		6.4
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity		37 cmol kg⁻¹		35 cmol kg⁻¹			55 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹		54 cmol kg⁻¹		37 cmol kg⁻¹		41 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity		14 cmol kg⁻¹		9 cmol kg⁻¹			15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹		16 cmol kg⁻¹		14 cmol kg⁻¹		15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation		30 %		33 %			93 %	93 %	100 %		100 %		30 %		90 %
Total Exchangeable Bases		2.5 cmol kg⁻¹		2.6 cmol kg⁻¹			15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹		28.7 cmol kg⁻¹		2.5 cmol kg⁻¹		12 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate		0 %		0 %			0.1 %	0 %	8.7 %		8.7 %		0 %		0 %
Calcium Sulphate		0 %		0 %			0 %	0 %	0.4 %		0.4 %		0 %		0 %
Exchangeable Sodium		2 %		2 %			2 %	1 %	1 %		1 %		2 %		1 %
Electrical Conductivity		0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1			0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1		0.3 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263