World Species : Protected Area : Tolkansuo

Tolkansuo

Location:	Finland
Area:	4,917 acres (1,990 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Dfc (Climate: snow; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: cool summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Scandinavian and Russian taiga

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A					B

Share	50 %	20 %	20 %	5 %	5 %	40 %	30 %	20 %	10 %
Soil Type	Haplic Podzols	Terric Histosols	Fibric Histosols	Vertic Cambisols	Gleyic Podzols	Fibric Histosols	Haplic Podzols	Terric Histosols	Gleyic Podzols
Topsoil Texture	Coarse	Medium	Fine	Fine	Coarse	Fine	Coarse	Medium	Coarse
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Somewhat excessive	Very poor	Very poor	Moderately well	Poor	Very poor	Somewhat excessive	Very poor	Poor
Available Water Capacity	50 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	50 m	150 m	50 m	150 m	50 m
Phase 1	Stony				Stony		Stony		Stony
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property				Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	3 %	28 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	28 %	2 %
Sand	87 %	35 %	20 %	20 %	86 %	20 %	87 %	35 %	86 %
Silt	9 %	33 %	40 %	29 %	10 %	40 %	9 %	33 %	10 %
Clay	4 %	32 %	40 %	51 %	4 %	40 %	4 %	32 %	4 %
USDA Texture	Loamy sand	Clay loam	Clay	Clay	Loamy sand	Clay	Loamy sand	Clay loam	Loamy sand
Reference Bulk Density	1.73 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	2.18 %	39.4 %	33.63 %	0.96 %	1.97 %	33.63 %	2.18 %	39.4 %	1.97 %
PH	4.4	5.6	4.3	7.3	4.4	4.3	4.4	5.6	4.4
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	101 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	9 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	11 %	75 %	62 %	94 %	18 %	62 %	11 %	75 %	18 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.3 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	5 %	2 %	4 %	3 %	2 %	4 %	5 %	3 %
Sand	88 %	52 %	47 %	18 %	85 %	47 %	88 %	52 %	85 %
Silt	8 %	23 %	26 %	29 %	10 %	26 %	8 %	23 %	10 %
Clay	4 %	25 %	27 %	53 %	5 %	27 %	4 %	25 %	5 %
USDA Texture	Sand	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Loamy sand	Sandy clay loam	Sand	Sandy clay loam	Loamy sand
Reference Bulk Density	1.74 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.51 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.39 %	38.46 %	32.89 %	0.43 %	0.91 %	32.89 %	0.39 %	38.46 %	0.91 %
PH	5	5.8	4.6	7.7	4.9	4.6	5	5.8	4.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	66 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	2 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	21 %	96 %	40 %	99 %	21 %	40 %	21 %	96 %	21 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	34.3 cmol kg⁻¹	1.7 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹	1.7 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263