World Species : Protected Area : Kokkolan saaristo (SPA)

Kokkolan saaristo (SPA)

Location:	Finland
Area:	36,322 acres (14,699 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Dfc (Climate: snow; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: cool summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A					B

Share	50 %	20 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	50 %	30 %	10 %	5 %	5 %
Soil Type	Dystric Gleysols	Haplic Podzols	Vertic Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Fibric Histosols	Lithic Leptosols	Haplic Podzols	Dystric Gleysols	Vertic Cambisols	Fibric Histosols
Topsoil Texture	Fine	Coarse	Fine	Coarse	Fine	Coarse	Coarse	Fine	Fine	Fine
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Very poor	Somewhat excessive	Moderately well	Moderately well	Very poor	Moderately well	Somewhat excessive	Very poor	Moderately well	Very poor
Available Water Capacity	150 m	50 m	150 m	15 mm	150 m	15 mm	50 m	150 m	150 m	150 m
Phase 1		Stony					Stony
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm		None to 80 cm		None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month		Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month
Misc. Property			Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)						Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	1 %	3 %	2 %	21 %	1 %	21 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	1 %
Sand	16 %	87 %	20 %	73 %	20 %	73 %	87 %	16 %	20 %	20 %
Silt	29 %	9 %	29 %	18 %	40 %	18 %	9 %	29 %	29 %	40 %
Clay	55 %	4 %	51 %	9 %	40 %	9 %	4 %	55 %	51 %	40 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Loamy sand	Clay	Sandy loam	Clay	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Clay	Clay	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.21 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.05 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.05 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.65 %	2.18 %	0.96 %	1.4 %	33.63 %	1.4 %	2.18 %	1.65 %	0.96 %	33.63 %
PH	4.7	4.4	7.3	7.5	4.3	7.5	4.4	4.7	7.3	4.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	31 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	85 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	85 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	24 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	49 %	11 %	94 %	86 %	62 %	86 %	11 %	49 %	94 %	62 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	16.3 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	16.3 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0.3 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.3 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	1 %	4 %	4 %		2 %		4 %	1 %	4 %	2 %
Sand	18 %	88 %	18 %		47 %		88 %	18 %	18 %	47 %
Silt	24 %	8 %	29 %		26 %		8 %	24 %	29 %	26 %
Clay	58 %	4 %	53 %		27 %		4 %	58 %	53 %	27 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Sand	Clay		Sandy clay loam		Sand	Clay	Clay	Sandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.21 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³		1.38 g/cm³		1.74 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.24 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³		0.1 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.77 %	0.39 %	0.43 %		32.89 %		0.39 %	0.77 %	0.43 %	32.89 %
PH	4.6	5	7.7		4.6		5	4.6	7.7	4.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	38 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹		71 cmol kg⁻¹		66 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	21 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹		78 cmol kg⁻¹		2 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	45 %	21 %	99 %		40 %		21 %	45 %	99 %	40 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	16.5 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	34.3 cmol kg⁻¹		27.4 cmol kg⁻¹		1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	16.5 cmol kg⁻¹	34.3 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	4 %		0 %		0 %	0 %	4 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	3 %	2 %		1 %		3 %	1 %	2 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263