World Species : Protected Area : Torronsuo

Torronsuo

Location:	Finland
Area:	7,643 acres (3,093 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Dfb (Climate: snow; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Scandinavian and Russian taiga

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A				B				C

Share	50 %	30 %	10 %	10 %	70 %	20 %	5 %	5 %	70 %	20 %	5 %	5 %
Soil Type	Vertic Cambisols	Haplic Podzols	Eutric Gleysols	Fibric Histosols	Haplic Podzols	Dystric Cambisols	Fibric Histosols	Gleyic Podzols	Fibric Histosols	Haplic Podzols	Terric Histosols	Gleyic Podzols
Topsoil Texture	Fine	Coarse	Fine	Fine	Coarse	Medium	Fine	Coarse	Fine	Coarse	Medium	Coarse
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Somewhat excessive	Very poor	Very poor	Somewhat excessive	Moderately well	Very poor	Poor	Very poor	Somewhat excessive	Very poor	Poor
Available Water Capacity	150 m	50 m	150 m	150 m	50 m	150 m	150 m	50 m	150 m	50 m	150 m	50 m
Phase 1		Stony			Stony			Stony		Stony		Stony
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property	Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	2 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	10 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	28 %	2 %
Sand	20 %	87 %	17 %	20 %	87 %	42 %	20 %	86 %	20 %	87 %	35 %	86 %
Silt	29 %	9 %	32 %	40 %	9 %	38 %	40 %	10 %	40 %	9 %	33 %	10 %
Clay	51 %	4 %	51 %	40 %	4 %	20 %	40 %	4 %	40 %	4 %	32 %	4 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Loamy sand	Clay	Clay	Loamy sand	Loam	Clay	Loamy sand	Clay	Loamy sand	Clay loam	Loamy sand
Reference Bulk Density	1.23 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.96 %	2.18 %	1.25 %	33.63 %	2.18 %	1.45 %	33.63 %	1.97 %	33.63 %	2.18 %	39.4 %	1.97 %
PH	7.3	4.4	5.8	4.3	4.4	5.1	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.4	5.6	4.4
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	54 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	36 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	94 %	11 %	78 %	62 %	11 %	38 %	62 %	18 %	62 %	11 %	75 %	18 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	18.9 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.3 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	4 %	1 %	2 %	4 %	19 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	4 %	5 %	3 %
Sand	18 %	88 %	19 %	47 %	88 %	45 %	47 %	85 %	47 %	88 %	52 %	85 %
Silt	29 %	8 %	29 %	26 %	8 %	35 %	26 %	10 %	26 %	8 %	23 %	10 %
Clay	53 %	4 %	52 %	27 %	4 %	20 %	27 %	5 %	27 %	4 %	25 %	5 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Sand	Clay	Sandy clay loam	Sand	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Loamy sand	Sandy clay loam	Sand	Sandy clay loam	Loamy sand
Reference Bulk Density	1.22 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.46 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.43 %	0.39 %	0.45 %	32.89 %	0.39 %	0.5 %	32.89 %	0.91 %	32.89 %	0.39 %	38.46 %	0.91 %
PH	7.7	5	6	4.6	5	5.2	4.6	4.9	4.6	5	5.8	4.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	61 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	35 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	99 %	21 %	84 %	40 %	21 %	33 %	40 %	21 %	40 %	21 %	96 %	21 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	34.3 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	1.7 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹	1.7 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	3 %	3 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263