World Species : Protected Area : Tinença de Benifassà, Turmell i Vallivana

Tinença de Benifassà, Turmell i Vallivana

Location:	Spain
Area:	122,559 acres (49,598 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B		C					D				E

Share	60 %	20 %	20 %	65 %	35 %	35 %	20 %	20 %	20 %	5 %	70 %	20 %	5 %	5 %	75 %	20 %	5 %
Soil Type	Lithic Leptosols	Calcaric Cambisols	Chromic Cambisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Chromic Luvisols	Lithic Leptosols	Calcaric Cambisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Calcaric Phaeozems	Chromic Luvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Calcaric Regosols	Chromic Luvisols	Haplic Solonchaks	Calcaric Cambisols	Calcaric Regosols	Haplic Solonchaks
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine
Reference Depth	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	15 mm	50 m	50 m	50 m	50 m	15 mm	15 m	15 mm	15 m	15 m	50 m	15 m	50 m	50 m	50 m	15 m	50 m
Phase 1		Lithic	Lithic	Gravelly	Gravelly	Stony	Lithic	Stony	Lithic	Lithic	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Saline	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly
Phase 2				Petrocalcic			Stony		Stony	Stony	Petrocalcic		Petrocalcic	Gravelly	Petrocalcic
Root Obstacle		20 - 40 cm	20 - 40 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm		40 - 60 cm		40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	21 %	6 %	10 %	6 %	12 %	21 %	6 %	16 %	3 %	4 %	5 %	48 %	4 %	4 %	5 %	48 %	4 %
Sand	42 %	36 %	49 %	36 %	48 %	42 %	36 %	37 %	35 %	27 %	19 %	22 %	27 %	19 %	19 %	22 %	19 %
Silt	34 %	43 %	28 %	43 %	28 %	34 %	43 %	44 %	43 %	27 %	32 %	36 %	27 %	29 %	32 %	36 %	29 %
Clay	24 %	21 %	23 %	21 %	24 %	24 %	21 %	19 %	22 %	46 %	49 %	42 %	46 %	52 %	49 %	42 %	52 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.38 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.61 %	0.65 %	0.98 %	0.65 %	0.83 %	1.61 %	0.65 %	2.13 %	1.37 %	1.2 %	0.87 %	1.83 %	1.2 %	0.54 %	0.87 %	1.83 %	0.54 %
PH	7.5	8	6.6	8	6.3	7.5	8	7.5	7.9	6.3	7.8	7.6	6.3	8.9	7.8	7.6	8.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	42 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	67 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	83 %	100 %	88 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	79 %	100 %	62 %	79 %	100 %	100 %	62 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	25.8 cmol kg⁻¹	13.4 cmol kg⁻¹	46.6 cmol kg⁻¹	12.9 cmol kg⁻¹	13.4 cmol kg⁻¹	46.5 cmol kg⁻¹	46.6 cmol kg⁻¹	12.9 cmol kg⁻¹	46.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	3.9 %	7 %	0.1 %	7 %	0 %	3.9 %	7 %	6 %	3.4 %	0 %	4.9 %	3 %	0 %	3 %	4.9 %	3 %	3 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.4 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	43 %	1 %	1 %	43 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	5.9 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	5.9 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel		10 %	9 %	10 %	8 %		10 %		5 %	6 %	5 %	33 %	6 %	6 %	5 %	33 %	6 %
Sand		34 %	47 %	34 %	41 %		34 %		35 %	21 %	23 %	21 %	21 %	33 %	23 %	21 %	33 %
Silt		43 %	26 %	43 %	25 %		43 %		44 %	25 %	35 %	36 %	25 %	28 %	35 %	36 %	28 %
Clay		23 %	27 %	23 %	34 %		23 %		21 %	54 %	42 %	43 %	54 %	39 %	42 %	43 %	39 %
USDA Texture		Loam	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Clay loam		Loam		Loam	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay
Reference Bulk Density		1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³		1.38 g/cm³		1.39 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³
Bulk Density		1.45 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³		1.45 g/cm³		1.44 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³
Organic Carbon		0.43 %	0.47 %	0.43 %	0.4 %		0.43 %		0.48 %	0.58 %	0.39 %	0.5 %	0.58 %	0.38 %	0.39 %	0.5 %	0.38 %
PH		8.1	6.7	8.1	6.4		8.1		8.2	6.4	8.1	7.8	6.4	9	8.1	7.8	9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity		54 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹		54 cmol kg⁻¹		71 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	58 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	58 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity		16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹		16 cmol kg⁻¹		14 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation		100 %	92 %	100 %	90 %		100 %		100 %	83 %	100 %	55 %	83 %	100 %	100 %	55 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases		28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹		28.7 cmol kg⁻¹		22.2 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	44.8 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	55.3 cmol kg⁻¹	44.8 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	55.3 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate		8.7 %	0.1 %	8.7 %	0 %		8.7 %		11.4 %	0 %	11.2 %	3 %	0 %	3 %	11.2 %	3 %	3 %
Calcium Sulphate		0.4 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %		0.4 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.5 %	0 %	0 %	0.5 %
Exchangeable Sodium		1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %		1 %		2 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	1 %	42 %	2 %	3 %	42 %
Electrical Conductivity		0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.3 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	14.8 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	14.8 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263