World Species : Protected Area : Massís de Bonastre

Massís de Bonastre

Location:	Spain
Area:	6,631 acres (2,683 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A					B			C

Share	35 %	20 %	20 %	20 %	5 %	55 %	25 %	20 %	55 %	30 %	15 %
Soil Type	Lithic Leptosols	Calcaric Cambisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Calcaric Phaeozems	Chromic Luvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Calcaric Regosols	Calcaric Cambisols	Calcaric Fluvisols	Chromic Luvisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	10 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	15 mm	15 m	15 mm	15 m	15 m	150 m	50 mm	100 m	50 m	150 m	50 m
Phase 1	Stony	Lithic	Stony	Lithic	Lithic				Petrocalcic		Petrocalcic
Phase 2		Stony		Stony	Stony
Root Obstacle		40 - 60 cm		40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm		40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm
Impermeable Layer		None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	21 %	6 %	16 %	3 %	4 %	5 %	16 %	14 %	6 %	15 %	12 %
Sand	42 %	36 %	37 %	35 %	27 %	19 %	37 %	44 %	36 %	34 %	48 %
Silt	34 %	43 %	44 %	43 %	27 %	32 %	44 %	35 %	43 %	48 %	28 %
Clay	24 %	21 %	19 %	22 %	46 %	49 %	19 %	21 %	21 %	18 %	24 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.38 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.61 %	0.65 %	2.13 %	1.37 %	1.2 %	0.87 %	2.13 %	0.75 %	0.65 %	0.6 %	0.83 %
PH	7.5	8	7.5	7.9	6.3	7.8	7.5	8	8	8	6.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	42 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	67 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	68 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	79 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	88 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	25.8 cmol kg⁻¹	13.4 cmol kg⁻¹	46.6 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	19.8 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	3.9 %	7 %	6 %	3.4 %	0 %	4.9 %	6 %	15 %	7 %	11.7 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.7 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel		10 %		5 %	6 %	5 %		18 %	10 %	10 %	8 %
Sand		34 %		35 %	21 %	23 %		40 %	34 %	36 %	41 %
Silt		43 %		44 %	25 %	35 %		35 %	43 %	46 %	25 %
Clay		23 %		21 %	54 %	42 %		25 %	23 %	18 %	34 %
USDA Texture		Loam		Loam	Clay	Clay		Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density		1.38 g/cm³		1.39 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³		1.37 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³
Bulk Density		1.45 g/cm³		1.44 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³		1.5 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³
Organic Carbon		0.43 %		0.48 %	0.58 %	0.39 %		0.47 %	0.43 %	0.4 %	0.4 %
PH		8.1		8.2	6.4	8.1		8.1	8.1	8.1	6.4
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity		54 cmol kg⁻¹		71 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	58 cmol kg⁻¹		52 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	84 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity		16 cmol kg⁻¹		14 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹		15 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation		100 %		100 %	83 %	100 %		100 %	100 %	100 %	90 %
Total Exchangeable Bases		28.7 cmol kg⁻¹		22.2 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	44.8 cmol kg⁻¹		36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	20.7 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate		8.7 %		11.4 %	0 %	11.2 %		15 %	8.7 %	12.2 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate		0.4 %		0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0.4 %	0.2 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium		1 %		2 %	1 %	2 %		2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity		0.3 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1		0.3 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.5 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263