World Species : Protected Area : L'Albera

L'Albera

Location:	Spain
Area:	40,287 acres (16,304 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B		C			D			E

Share	50 %	30 %	20 %	65 %	35 %	70 %	20 %	10 %	60 %	20 %	20 %	60 %	20 %	15 %	5 %
Soil Type	Dystric Cambisols	Humic Cambisols	Cambic Podzols	Calcaric Cambisols	Chromic Luvisols	Eutric Regosols	Eutric Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Dystric Regosols	Dystric Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Umbric Leptosols	Humic Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Dystric Cambisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	30 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	50 m	50 m	50 m	50 m	15 mm	50 m	50 m	15 mm	15 mm	50 m	0 mm	50 m
Phase 1				Gravelly	Gravelly	Lithic	Lithic		Lithic	Lithic			Lithic	Stony	Lithic
Phase 2				Petrocalcic
Root Obstacle	60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	40 - 60 cm		40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm			20 - 40 cm		20 - 40 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm			None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month			Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	10 %	8 %	15 %	6 %	12 %	25 %	9 %	21 %	19 %	10 %	21 %	6 %	8 %	21 %	10 %
Sand	42 %	41 %	48 %	36 %	48 %	47 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	49 %	41 %	73 %	42 %
Silt	38 %	36 %	40 %	43 %	28 %	34 %	36 %	34 %	37 %	38 %	34 %	31 %	36 %	18 %	38 %
Clay	20 %	23 %	12 %	21 %	24 %	19 %	22 %	24 %	21 %	20 %	24 %	20 %	23 %	9 %	20 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	0.96 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.45 %	2.72 %	3.15 %	0.65 %	0.83 %	0.98 %	1 %	1.61 %	1.39 %	1.45 %	1.61 %	2.4 %	2.72 %	1.4 %	1.45 %
PH	5.1	5.3	5	8	6.3	6.4	6.6	7.5	5.1	5.1	7.5	5.1	5.3	7.5	5.1
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	32 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	85 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	12 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	38 %	25 %	10 %	100 %	88 %	78 %	93 %	100 %	24 %	38 %	100 %	36 %	25 %	86 %	38 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	4.4 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	7 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	1 %	0 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	4 %	1 %	1 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	19 %	6 %	17 %	10 %	8 %	28 %	12 %		26 %	19 %			6 %		19 %
Sand	45 %	44 %	55 %	34 %	41 %	51 %	41 %		46 %	45 %			44 %		45 %
Silt	35 %	32 %	33 %	43 %	25 %	31 %	34 %		34 %	35 %			32 %		35 %
Clay	20 %	24 %	12 %	23 %	34 %	18 %	25 %		20 %	20 %			24 %		20 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loam		Loam	Loam			Loam		Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.42 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³		1.42 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³			1.39 g/cm³		1.42 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.36 g/cm³	1.16 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³		1.48 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³			1.16 g/cm³		1.36 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.5 %	1.07 %	1.13 %	0.43 %	0.4 %	0.4 %	0.37 %		0.6 %	0.5 %			1.07 %		0.5 %
PH	5.2	5.3	5.1	8.1	6.4	6.9	7		4.9	5.2			5.3		5.2
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	35 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	65 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹		28 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹			37 cmol kg⁻¹		35 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	9 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹		6 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹			14 cmol kg⁻¹		9 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	33 %	30 %	13 %	100 %	90 %	89 %	93 %		21 %	33 %			30 %		33 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	0.8 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹		1.8 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹			2.5 cmol kg⁻¹		2.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	8.7 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %		0 %	0 %			0 %		0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %			0 %		0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	2 %	0 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %		1 %	2 %			2 %		2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1			0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263