World Species : Protected Area : Alta Garrotxa

Alta Garrotxa - Massís de les Salines

Location:	Spain
Area:	94,385 acres (38,196 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests
Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B				C				D					E

Share	50 %	30 %	20 %	50 %	25 %	20 %	5 %	60 %	20 %	15 %	5 %	35 %	20 %	20 %	20 %	5 %	55 %	25 %	20 %
Soil Type	Dystric Cambisols	Humic Cambisols	Cambic Podzols	Rendzic Leptosols	Humic Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Chromic Luvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Haplic Luvisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Calcaric Phaeozems	Lithic Leptosols	Calcaric Cambisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Calcaric Phaeozems	Chromic Luvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Calcaric Regosols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	50 mm	50 m	15 mm	50 m	150 m	150 m	50 mm	150 m	15 mm	15 m	15 mm	15 m	15 m	150 m	50 mm	100 m
Phase 1					Lithic		Lithic					Stony	Lithic	Stony	Lithic	Lithic
Phase 2													Stony		Stony	Stony
Root Obstacle	60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm		20 - 40 cm		20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm		None to 80 cm		40 - 60 cm		40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm		40 - 60 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		40 - 80 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	10 %	8 %	15 %	16 %	8 %	21 %	12 %	9 %	4 %	16 %	3 %	21 %	6 %	16 %	3 %	4 %	5 %	16 %	14 %
Sand	42 %	41 %	48 %	37 %	41 %	42 %	48 %	42 %	41 %	37 %	35 %	42 %	36 %	37 %	35 %	27 %	19 %	37 %	44 %
Silt	38 %	36 %	40 %	44 %	36 %	34 %	28 %	36 %	37 %	44 %	43 %	34 %	43 %	44 %	43 %	27 %	32 %	44 %	35 %
Clay	20 %	23 %	12 %	19 %	23 %	24 %	24 %	22 %	22 %	19 %	22 %	24 %	21 %	19 %	22 %	46 %	49 %	19 %	21 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	0.96 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.45 %	2.72 %	3.15 %	2.13 %	2.72 %	1.61 %	0.83 %	1 %	0.74 %	2.13 %	1.37 %	1.61 %	0.65 %	2.13 %	1.37 %	1.2 %	0.87 %	2.13 %	0.75 %
PH	5.1	5.3	5	7.5	5.3	7.5	6.3	6.6	6.5	7.5	7.9	7.5	8	7.5	7.9	6.3	7.8	7.5	8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	32 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	67 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	67 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	12 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	38 %	25 %	10 %	100 %	25 %	100 %	88 %	93 %	91 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	79 %	100 %	100 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	4.4 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	25.8 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	25.8 cmol kg⁻¹	13.4 cmol kg⁻¹	46.6 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	6 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	6 %	3.4 %	3.9 %	7 %	6 %	3.4 %	0 %	4.9 %	6 %	15 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	1 %	0 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	19 %	6 %	17 %		6 %		8 %	12 %	3 %		5 %		10 %		5 %	6 %	5 %		18 %
Sand	45 %	44 %	55 %		44 %		41 %	41 %	37 %		35 %		34 %		35 %	21 %	23 %		40 %
Silt	35 %	32 %	33 %		32 %		25 %	34 %	34 %		44 %		43 %		44 %	25 %	35 %		35 %
Clay	20 %	24 %	12 %		24 %		34 %	25 %	29 %		21 %		23 %		21 %	54 %	42 %		25 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam		Loam		Clay loam	Loam	Clay loam		Loam		Loam		Loam	Clay	Clay		Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.42 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³		1.39 g/cm³		1.33 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³		1.39 g/cm³		1.38 g/cm³		1.39 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³		1.37 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.36 g/cm³	1.16 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³		1.16 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³		1.44 g/cm³		1.45 g/cm³		1.44 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³		1.5 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.5 %	1.07 %	1.13 %		1.07 %		0.4 %	0.37 %	0.36 %		0.48 %		0.43 %		0.48 %	0.58 %	0.39 %		0.47 %
PH	5.2	5.3	5.1		5.3		6.4	7	6.7		8.2		8.1		8.2	6.4	8.1		8.1
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	35 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	65 cmol kg⁻¹		37 cmol kg⁻¹		41 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹		71 cmol kg⁻¹		54 cmol kg⁻¹		71 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	58 cmol kg⁻¹		52 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	9 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹		14 cmol kg⁻¹		15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹		14 cmol kg⁻¹		16 cmol kg⁻¹		14 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹		15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	33 %	30 %	13 %		30 %		90 %	93 %	93 %		100 %		100 %		100 %	83 %	100 %		100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	0.8 cmol kg⁻¹		2.5 cmol kg⁻¹		12 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹		22.2 cmol kg⁻¹		28.7 cmol kg⁻¹		22.2 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	44.8 cmol kg⁻¹		36.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %		0 %	0.1 %	0 %		11.4 %		8.7 %		11.4 %	0 %	11.2 %		15 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %		0.4 %		0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	2 %	0 %		2 %		1 %	2 %	1 %		2 %		1 %		2 %	1 %	2 %		2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1		0.3 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1		0.3 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263