CANDELARIO

Location:Spain
Area:17,463 acres (7,067 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Csb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Northwest Iberian montane forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share90 %10 %50 %20 %15 %15 %
Soil TypeLithic LeptosolsUmbric LeptosolsHumic CambisolsDystric CambisolsUmbric LeptosolsLithic Leptosols
Topsoil TextureCoarseCoarseMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth10 cm30 cm100 cm100 cm30 cm10 cm
DrainageModerately wellModerately wellImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectly
Available Water Capacity0 mm15 mm15 m15 m15 mm0 mm
Phase 1StonyStonyLithicLithicGravellyGravelly
Phase 2  GravellyGravelly  
Root Obstacle  20 - 40 cm20 - 40 cm  
Impermeable Layer  None to 150 cmNone to 150 cm  
Soil Water Regime  Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month  
Topsoil Properties
Gravel21 %10 %8 %10 %6 %21 %
Sand73 %79 %41 %42 %49 %42 %
Silt18 %13 %36 %38 %31 %34 %
Clay9 %8 %23 %20 %20 %24 %
USDA TextureSandy loamLoamy sandLoamLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.59 g/cm³1.62 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.45 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³1.1 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.1 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1.4 %2.59 %2.72 %1.45 %2.4 %1.61 %
PH7.54.75.35.15.17.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity85 cmol kg⁻¹24 cmol kg⁻¹52 cmol kg⁻¹32 cmol kg⁻¹34 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity12 cmol kg⁻¹8 cmol kg⁻¹21 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation86 %86 %25 %38 %36 %100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases5.2 cmol kg⁻¹5.2 cmol kg⁻¹5.4 cmol kg⁻¹4.3 cmol kg⁻¹4.7 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %0 %1 %2 %4 %3 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel  6 %19 %  
Sand  44 %45 %  
Silt  32 %35 %  
Clay  24 %20 %  
USDA Texture  LoamLoam  
Reference Bulk Density  1.39 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³  
Bulk Density  1.16 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³  
Organic Carbon  1.07 %0.5 %  
PH  5.35.2  
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity  37 cmol kg⁻¹35 cmol kg⁻¹  
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity  14 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹  
Base Saturation  30 %33 %  
Total Exchangeable Bases  2.5 cmol kg⁻¹2.6 cmol kg⁻¹  
Calcium Carbonate  0 %0 %  
Calcium Sulphate  0 %0 %  
Exchangeable Sodium  2 %2 %  
Electrical Conductivity  0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1  
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263