LAS BATUECAS-SIERRA DE FRANCIA

Location:Spain
Area:74,584 acres (30,183 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
Northwest Iberian montane forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 ABC
    
Share90 %10 %50 %20 %15 %15 %65 %35 %
Soil TypeLithic LeptosolsUmbric LeptosolsHumic CambisolsDystric CambisolsUmbric LeptosolsLithic LeptosolsCalcaric CambisolsChromic Luvisols
Topsoil TextureCoarseCoarseMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth10 cm30 cm100 cm100 cm30 cm10 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageModerately wellModerately wellImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyModerately wellModerately well
Available Water Capacity0 mm15 mm15 m15 m15 mm0 mm50 m50 m
Phase 1StonyStonyLithicLithicGravellyGravellyGravellyGravelly
Phase 2  GravellyGravelly  Petrocalcic 
Root Obstacle  20 - 40 cm20 - 40 cm  60 - 80 cmNone to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer  None to 150 cmNone to 150 cm  None to 150 cmNone to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime  Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month  Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel21 %10 %8 %10 %6 %21 %6 %12 %
Sand73 %79 %41 %42 %49 %42 %36 %48 %
Silt18 %13 %36 %38 %31 %34 %43 %28 %
Clay9 %8 %23 %20 %20 %24 %21 %24 %
USDA TextureSandy loamLoamy sandLoamLoamLoamLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.59 g/cm³1.62 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.45 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³1.1 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.1 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.53 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1.4 %2.59 %2.72 %1.45 %2.4 %1.61 %0.65 %0.83 %
PH7.54.75.35.15.17.586.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity85 cmol kg⁻¹24 cmol kg⁻¹52 cmol kg⁻¹32 cmol kg⁻¹34 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹52 cmol kg⁻¹39 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity12 cmol kg⁻¹8 cmol kg⁻¹21 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation86 %86 %25 %38 %36 %100 %100 %88 %
Total Exchangeable Bases5.2 cmol kg⁻¹5.2 cmol kg⁻¹5.4 cmol kg⁻¹4.3 cmol kg⁻¹4.7 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹24.3 cmol kg⁻¹10 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %3.9 %7 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %0 %1 %2 %4 %3 %1 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.4 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel  6 %19 %  10 %8 %
Sand  44 %45 %  34 %41 %
Silt  32 %35 %  43 %25 %
Clay  24 %20 %  23 %34 %
USDA Texture  LoamLoam  LoamClay loam
Reference Bulk Density  1.39 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³  1.38 g/cm³1.33 g/cm³
Bulk Density  1.16 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³  1.45 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³
Organic Carbon  1.07 %0.5 %  0.43 %0.4 %
PH  5.35.2  8.16.4
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity  37 cmol kg⁻¹35 cmol kg⁻¹  54 cmol kg⁻¹41 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity  14 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹  16 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation  30 %33 %  100 %90 %
Total Exchangeable Bases  2.5 cmol kg⁻¹2.6 cmol kg⁻¹  28.7 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate  0 %0 %  8.7 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate  0 %0 %  0.4 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium  2 %2 %  1 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity  0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1  0.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263