World Species : Protected Area : FUENTES CARRIONAS Y FUENTE COBRE-MONTAÑA PALENTINA

FUENTES CARRIONAS Y FUENTE COBRE-MONTAÑA PALENTINA

Location:	Spain
Area:	193,184 acres (78,179 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Cantabrian mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B				C				D				E

Share	60 %	20 %	20 %	60 %	20 %	15 %	5 %	50 %	30 %	10 %	10 %	50 %	25 %	20 %	5 %	60 %	20 %	20 %
Soil Type	Lithic Leptosols	Calcaric Cambisols	Chromic Cambisols	Umbric Leptosols	Humic Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Dystric Cambisols	Humic Cambisols	Dystric Cambisols	Umbric Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Rendzic Leptosols	Humic Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Chromic Luvisols	Haplic Luvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	10 cm	30 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	15 mm	50 m	50 m	15 mm	50 m	15 mm	50 m	15 m	15 m	15 mm	0 mm	50 mm	50 m	15 mm	50 m	15 m	15 m	15 mm
Phase 1		Lithic	Lithic		Lithic	Stony	Lithic	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly		Lithic		Lithic	Stony	Stony	Stony
Phase 2								Lithic	Lithic							Lithic	Lithic
Root Obstacle		20 - 40 cm	20 - 40 cm		20 - 40 cm		20 - 40 cm	40 - 60 cm	20 - 40 cm				20 - 40 cm		20 - 40 cm	40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm
Impermeable Layer		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm				None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month				Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	21 %	6 %	10 %	6 %	8 %	21 %	10 %	8 %	10 %	6 %	21 %	16 %	8 %	21 %	12 %	4 %	9 %	21 %
Sand	42 %	36 %	49 %	49 %	41 %	42 %	42 %	41 %	42 %	49 %	42 %	37 %	41 %	42 %	48 %	41 %	42 %	42 %
Silt	34 %	43 %	28 %	31 %	36 %	34 %	38 %	36 %	38 %	31 %	34 %	44 %	36 %	34 %	28 %	37 %	36 %	34 %
Clay	24 %	21 %	23 %	20 %	23 %	24 %	20 %	23 %	20 %	20 %	24 %	19 %	23 %	24 %	24 %	22 %	22 %	24 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.38 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.61 %	0.65 %	0.98 %	2.4 %	2.72 %	1.61 %	1.45 %	2.72 %	1.45 %	2.4 %	1.61 %	2.13 %	2.72 %	1.61 %	0.83 %	0.74 %	1 %	1.61 %
PH	7.5	8	6.6	5.1	5.3	7.5	5.1	5.3	5.1	5.1	7.5	7.5	5.3	7.5	6.3	6.5	6.6	7.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	42 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	83 %	36 %	25 %	100 %	38 %	25 %	38 %	36 %	100 %	100 %	25 %	100 %	88 %	91 %	93 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	3.9 %	7 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	6 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	1 %	2 %	4 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	4 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel		10 %	9 %		6 %		19 %	6 %	19 %				6 %		8 %	3 %	12 %
Sand		34 %	47 %		44 %		45 %	44 %	45 %				44 %		41 %	37 %	41 %
Silt		43 %	26 %		32 %		35 %	32 %	35 %				32 %		25 %	34 %	34 %
Clay		23 %	27 %		24 %		20 %	24 %	20 %				24 %		34 %	29 %	25 %
USDA Texture		Loam	Sandy clay loam		Loam		Loam	Loam	Loam				Loam		Clay loam	Clay loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density		1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³		1.39 g/cm³		1.42 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³				1.39 g/cm³		1.33 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density		1.45 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³		1.16 g/cm³		1.36 g/cm³	1.16 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³				1.16 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon		0.43 %	0.47 %		1.07 %		0.5 %	1.07 %	0.5 %				1.07 %		0.4 %	0.36 %	0.37 %
PH		8.1	6.7		5.3		5.2	5.3	5.2				5.3		6.4	6.7	7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity		54 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹		37 cmol kg⁻¹		35 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹				37 cmol kg⁻¹		41 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity		16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹		14 cmol kg⁻¹		9 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹				14 cmol kg⁻¹		15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation		100 %	92 %		30 %		33 %	30 %	33 %				30 %		90 %	93 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases		28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹		2.5 cmol kg⁻¹		2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹				2.5 cmol kg⁻¹		12 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate		8.7 %	0.1 %		0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %				0 %		0 %	0 %	0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate		0.4 %	0 %		0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %				0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium		1 %	1 %		2 %		2 %	2 %	2 %				2 %		1 %	1 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity		0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1				0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263