World Species : Protected Area : MONTES OBARENES

MONTES OBARENES

Location:	Spain
Area:	106,406 acres (43,061 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Cantabrian mixed forests
Northwest Iberian montane forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B				C				D					E

Share	70 %	20 %	10 %	50 %	30 %	10 %	10 %	50 %	25 %	20 %	5 %	35 %	20 %	20 %	20 %	5 %	55 %	25 %	20 %
Soil Type	Calcaric Fluvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Calcaric Fluvisols	Humic Cambisols	Dystric Cambisols	Umbric Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Rendzic Leptosols	Humic Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Chromic Luvisols	Lithic Leptosols	Calcaric Cambisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Calcaric Phaeozems	Chromic Luvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Calcaric Regosols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	10 cm	30 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Poor	Moderately well	Poor	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	75 m	150 m	150 m	15 m	15 m	15 mm	0 mm	50 mm	50 m	15 mm	50 m	15 mm	15 m	15 mm	15 m	15 m	150 m	50 mm	100 m
Phase 1	Gravelly			Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly		Lithic		Lithic	Stony	Lithic	Stony	Lithic	Lithic
Phase 2				Lithic	Lithic								Stony		Stony	Stony
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	20 - 40 cm				20 - 40 cm		20 - 40 cm		40 - 60 cm		40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm		40 - 60 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm				None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		40 - 80 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month				Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	15 %	6 %	15 %	8 %	10 %	6 %	21 %	16 %	8 %	21 %	12 %	21 %	6 %	16 %	3 %	4 %	5 %	16 %	14 %
Sand	34 %	36 %	34 %	41 %	42 %	49 %	42 %	37 %	41 %	42 %	48 %	42 %	36 %	37 %	35 %	27 %	19 %	37 %	44 %
Silt	48 %	43 %	48 %	36 %	38 %	31 %	34 %	44 %	36 %	34 %	28 %	34 %	43 %	44 %	43 %	27 %	32 %	44 %	35 %
Clay	18 %	21 %	18 %	23 %	20 %	20 %	24 %	19 %	23 %	24 %	24 %	24 %	21 %	19 %	22 %	46 %	49 %	19 %	21 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.6 %	0.65 %	0.6 %	2.72 %	1.45 %	2.4 %	1.61 %	2.13 %	2.72 %	1.61 %	0.83 %	1.61 %	0.65 %	2.13 %	1.37 %	1.2 %	0.87 %	2.13 %	0.75 %
PH	8	8	8	5.3	5.1	5.1	7.5	7.5	5.3	7.5	6.3	7.5	8	7.5	7.9	6.3	7.8	7.5	8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	68 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	68 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	67 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	14 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	100 %	25 %	38 %	36 %	100 %	100 %	25 %	100 %	88 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	79 %	100 %	100 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	19.8 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	19.8 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	25.8 cmol kg⁻¹	13.4 cmol kg⁻¹	46.6 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	11.7 %	7 %	11.7 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	6 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	3.9 %	7 %	6 %	3.4 %	0 %	4.9 %	6 %	15 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.2 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	4 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.7 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.7 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	10 %	10 %	10 %	6 %	19 %				6 %		8 %		10 %		5 %	6 %	5 %		18 %
Sand	36 %	34 %	36 %	44 %	45 %				44 %		41 %		34 %		35 %	21 %	23 %		40 %
Silt	46 %	43 %	46 %	32 %	35 %				32 %		25 %		43 %		44 %	25 %	35 %		35 %
Clay	18 %	23 %	18 %	24 %	20 %				24 %		34 %		23 %		21 %	54 %	42 %		25 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam				Loam		Clay loam		Loam		Loam	Clay	Clay		Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³				1.39 g/cm³		1.33 g/cm³		1.38 g/cm³		1.39 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³		1.37 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.16 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³				1.16 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³		1.45 g/cm³		1.44 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³		1.5 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.4 %	0.43 %	0.4 %	1.07 %	0.5 %				1.07 %		0.4 %		0.43 %		0.48 %	0.58 %	0.39 %		0.47 %
PH	8.1	8.1	8.1	5.3	5.2				5.3		6.4		8.1		8.2	6.4	8.1		8.1
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	84 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	84 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹				37 cmol kg⁻¹		41 cmol kg⁻¹		54 cmol kg⁻¹		71 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	58 cmol kg⁻¹		52 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	13 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹				14 cmol kg⁻¹		15 cmol kg⁻¹		16 cmol kg⁻¹		14 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹		15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	100 %	30 %	33 %				30 %		90 %		100 %		100 %	83 %	100 %		100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	20.7 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	20.7 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹				2.5 cmol kg⁻¹		12 cmol kg⁻¹		28.7 cmol kg⁻¹		22.2 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	44.8 cmol kg⁻¹		36.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	12.2 %	8.7 %	12.2 %	0 %	0 %				0 %		0 %		8.7 %		11.4 %	0 %	11.2 %		15 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.2 %	0.4 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %				0 %		0 %		0.4 %		0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	2 %				2 %		1 %		1 %		2 %	1 %	2 %		2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.5 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.5 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1				0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1		0.3 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1		0.3 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263