MONTE SANTIAGO

Location:Spain
Area:6,269 acres (2,537 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Cantabrian mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share60 %20 %15 %5 %
Soil TypeEutric CambisolsHaplic LuvisolsRendzic LeptosolsCalcaric Phaeozems
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm30 cm100 cm
DrainageModerately wellModerately wellImperfectlyModerately well
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m50 mm150 m
Root ObstacleNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm None to 80 cm
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm None to 150 cm
Soil Water RegimeNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel9 %4 %16 %3 %
Sand42 %41 %37 %35 %
Silt36 %37 %44 %43 %
Clay22 %22 %19 %22 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.37 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.24 g/cm³1.46 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1 %0.74 %2.13 %1.37 %
PH6.66.57.57.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity55 cmol kg⁻¹47 cmol kg⁻¹80 cmol kg⁻¹67 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity16 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹27 cmol kg⁻¹17 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation93 %91 %100 %100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases14 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹28.8 cmol kg⁻¹25.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %6 %3.4 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %1 %2 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.2 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel12 %3 % 5 %
Sand41 %37 % 35 %
Silt34 %34 % 44 %
Clay25 %29 % 21 %
USDA TextureLoamClay loam Loam
Reference Bulk Density1.38 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³ 1.39 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.39 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³ 1.44 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.37 %0.36 % 0.48 %
PH76.7 8.2
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity55 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹ 71 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity15 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹ 14 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation93 %93 % 100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases15.1 cmol kg⁻¹13.1 cmol kg⁻¹ 22.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0.1 %0 % 11.4 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 % 0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %1 % 2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1 0.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263