ENCINARES DE LA SIERRA DE ÁVILA

Location:Spain
Area:23,465 acres (9,496 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Csb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share40 %25 %15 %15 %60 %25 %10 %5 %
Soil TypeDystric RegosolsDystric CambisolsUmbric LeptosolsLithic LeptosolsVertic LuvisolsEutric CambisolsEutric RegosolsEutric Planosols
Topsoil TextureCoarseCoarseCoarseCoarseCoarseCoarseCoarseCoarse
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm30 cm10 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageSomewhat excessiveModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellWellSomewhat excessivePoor
Available Water Capacity100 m15 m15 mm15 mm150 m100 m100 m50 m
Phase 1 GravellyGravelly     
Phase 2 Lithic      
Root Obstacle40 - 60 cm60 - 80 cm  None to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer    None to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm0 - 40 cm
Soil Water RegimeNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month  Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month
Misc. Property    Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)   
Topsoil Properties
Gravel19 %10 %10 %21 %4 %10 %15 %4 %
Sand78 %75 %79 %73 %72 %77 %83 %80 %
Silt13 %15 %13 %18 %13 %14 %11 %11 %
Clay9 %10 %8 %9 %15 %9 %6 %9 %
USDA TextureSandy loamSandy loamLoamy sandSandy loamSandy loamSandy loamLoamy sandSandy loam
Reference Bulk Density1.6 g/cm³1.58 g/cm³1.62 g/cm³1.59 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³1.6 g/cm³1.67 g/cm³1.6 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.27 g/cm³1.49 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³1.44 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.7 %0.7 %2.59 %1.4 %0.4 %0.7 %0.5 %0.5 %
PH5.65.14.77.56.56.96.65.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity29 cmol kg⁻¹21 cmol kg⁻¹24 cmol kg⁻¹85 cmol kg⁻¹81 cmol kg⁻¹49 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹27 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity6 cmol kg⁻¹5 cmol kg⁻¹8 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹6 cmol kg⁻¹7 cmol kg⁻¹5 cmol kg⁻¹5 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation98 %28 %86 %86 %86 %91 %93 %88 %
Total Exchangeable Bases4.1 cmol kg⁻¹1.5 cmol kg⁻¹5.2 cmol kg⁻¹5.2 cmol kg⁻¹5.1 cmol kg⁻¹6.7 cmol kg⁻¹4.2 cmol kg⁻¹5.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0.1 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 %5 %0 %1 %2 %2 %3 %3 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel14 %9 %  5 %20 %22 %7 %
Sand77 %68 %  58 %67 %80 %63 %
Silt13 %17 %  14 %16 %11 %12 %
Clay10 %15 %  28 %17 %9 %25 %
USDA TextureSandy loamSandy loam  Sandy clay loamSandy loamLoamy sandSandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density1.58 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³  1.39 g/cm³1.48 g/cm³1.6 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.5 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³  1.55 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³1.22 g/cm³1.63 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.31 %0.27 %  0.27 %0.4 %0.3 %0.28 %
PH5.35  6.47.36.76.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity36 cmol kg⁻¹31 cmol kg⁻¹  39 cmol kg⁻¹48 cmol kg⁻¹44 cmol kg⁻¹36 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity4 cmol kg⁻¹5 cmol kg⁻¹  19 cmol kg⁻¹8 cmol kg⁻¹4 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation28 %36 %  84 %91 %76 %98 %
Total Exchangeable Bases1 cmol kg⁻¹1.4 cmol kg⁻¹  7.1 cmol kg⁻¹9.3 cmol kg⁻¹2.8 cmol kg⁻¹13.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %  0 %0.1 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %  0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 %5 %  0 %2 %3 %3 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1  0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263